Editing Fort Wool (section)

===Civil War===
[[image:Battle between the Monitor and Merrimac, Hampton Roads, Virginia, March 9, 1862. Copy of engraving by Evans after J.O. D - NARA - 530500.tif|thumb|right|The battle of the ironclads]]
The fort was originally named after John C. Calhoun, President Monroe's secretary of war who was a Southern politician of secessionist tendencies. In 1862 it was renamed after [[John E. Wool|Maj. Gen. John Ellis Wool]], a [[Mexican–American War|Mexican War]] hero and commander at Fort Monroe.<ref name="GMU"/> The fort was armed during the Civil War, initially with only 10 guns,<ref name=AFN1/> and fired on [[Confederate States Army|Confederate]] positions and vessels.{{sfn|Weaver II|2018|pp=186–190}}

[[File:Civil War officers. Union (1909) (14576108858).jpg|right|thumb|250px|The Sawyer gun being demonstrated by Major General [[Benjamin Butler]] for Major General Wool at the Rip Raps (Fort Calhoun), 1861]]
A long-range experimental cannon, the Sawyer gun, was installed at Fort Calhoun in mid-1861 during the Civil War. The weapon was rifled, and an illustration in an August 1861 newspaper shows it mounted on a high-angle carriage.<ref>
{{cite web
| title = Frank Leslie ''Famous Leaders and Battle Scenes of the Civil War''
| url = http://etc.usf.edu/clipart/11200/11297/sawyer_gun_11297.htm
| publisher  = USF Clip Art Gallery web site
| access-date = 20 December 2012
}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last1 = Quarstein | first1 = John V. | last2 = Mroczkowski | first2 = Dennis P. | title = Fort Monroe: The Key to the South | page = 41 | publisher = Arcadia Publishing | year = 2000 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=kSZv7unExEQC | isbn = 0-7385-0114-X }}
</ref> The range of this weapon extended all the way to [[Sewell's Point]], more than three miles away (where the [[Naval Station Norfolk|Norfolk Naval Base]] is now located),<ref name=Batt1/> the site of a Confederate earthen fort with [[bastion]]s and a [[redan]] and three artillery batteries totaling 45 guns. The weapon was a rifled 24-pounder (which would fire a projectile of 42–48 pounds), one of several rifled artillery pieces developed by [[Sylvanus Sawyer]]; however, none of his designs were widely adopted. A weapon of this type was tested at Fort Monroe in 1859, and two different Sawyer weapons, a 24-pounder rifle and a 3.67-inch, were used in the [[Siege of Richmond]] of 1864–65, although the 24-pounder burst at the tenth round and the 3.67-inch rifle was seldom used.<ref>{{Cite book
 | last =Ripley 
 | first =Warren
 | year =1984
 | title =Artillery and Ammunition of the Civil War
 | pages =173–174
 | place =Charleston, S.C.
 | publisher =The Battery Press
 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last1 = Abbot | first1 = Henry Larcom | author-link = Henry Larcom Abbot | title = Siege Artillery in the Campaigns against Richmond, with notes on the 15-inch gun | page = [https://archive.org/details/siegeartilleryi00abbogoog/page/n90 85] | location = Washington | publisher = Government Printing Office | year = 1867 | url = https://archive.org/details/siegeartilleryi00abbogoog }}</ref> The [[Battle of Hampton Roads]] took place off Sewells Point on March 8–9, 1862. [[USS Monitor|USS ''Monitor'']] faced [[CSS Virginia|CSS ''Virginia'']] during the [[Battle of the Ironclads]] in 1862. The Sawyer gun also fired at ''Virginia'', although it did no damage to the ironclad's armor.<ref>
{{cite web
| title = CSS Virginia (1862-1862), ex-USS Merrimack
| url = http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/sh-us-cs/csa-sh/csash-sz/virginia.htm
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20010622014701/http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/sh-us-cs/csa-sh/csash-sz/virginia.htm
| url-status = dead
| archive-date = June 22, 2001
| publisher  = U.S. Naval History & Heritage Command
| access-date = 21 December 2012
}}
</ref>