Editing Free migration (section)

== Law and politics ==
{{more citations needed|section|date=April 2018}}
Many nation states have agreed and disagreed on the topic of [[open border]]s and free migration, with some countries allowing people to travel freely from country to country and state to state without the risk of deportation or punishment. The consensus within the open borders debate is to “establish a view of migration that reflects the liberal commitment to the equal moral worth of all people which applies to a truly global view of migration.”<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Askren|first=Wayne|title=Moral Consensus in the Open Borders Debate|year=2012|location=Salt Lake City|pages=37–55}}</ref>

Various ideas have been applied to a global view of migration, such as the ideas of other journalists such as Johnathan Wolff and Avnir De-Shalit to migration. Wolff and De-Shalit's state that the use of law and ethics is a positive factor in the debate over free migration.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=JONES |first=CHARLES |date=2013 |title=The Human Right to Subsistence |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24355890 |journal=Journal of Applied Philosophy |volume=30 |issue=1 |pages=57–72 |doi=10.1111/japp.12007 |jstor=24355890 |issn=0264-3758|url-access=subscription }}</ref> The debate of free migration does not apply to a specific country but extends beyond, and continues on to a broader spectrum for introducing a freedom of movement amongst all people, for all countries. However, this concept is especially significant to the places that experience the most migration—including both host and receiving countries or states.

Free migration is not limited to a certain time period, but has been more relevant and controversial in recent years, especially in the United States. In the U.S., it has become a more controversial topic since [[September 11 attacks|9/11]]. Free migration is a concept to consider when comparing basic [[human rights]] and migration. "Constraining movement in most cases is therefore, unjustified and immoral".<ref name=":0" /> The topic of free migration is not a matter to be only exclusively debated amongst national governments of varying nations, but a worldwide discussion for all people of all nations on the debate of open borders and free migration. In that case, nations and people from all over the world can learn from each other where everyone is involved in the attempt to come to a just conclusion and solution to the problems surrounding both immigration and free migration alike.

Free Migration has been slowly restricted throughout recent history due to the inevitable progression of society, causing more independent societies to create tighter laws, policies, and regulations concerning immigration. With nations closing themselves off and shutting their borders from non-residents, it is difficult for free migration to become secure, as well as having members of society prioritize an institutional issue such as this. Immigration officers and agents must maintain a code of conduct based on policy to provide equal treatment to any and all immigrants.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bader|first=Veit|date=2012|title=Moral, Ethical, and Realist Dilemmas of Transnational Governance of Migration|url=http://dare.uva.nl/personal/pure/en/publications/moral-ethical-and-realist-dilemmas-of-transnational-governance-of-migration(d6a8305e-74e8-4130-a920-90e9e303d3a7).html|journal=American Behavioral Scientist|volume=56|issue=9|pages=1165–1182|doi=10.1177/0002764212443819|s2cid=146212994}}</ref> Officers must put their political views behind them and revert to policy law; leaving behind their personal moral conflicts and ethics to abide by law and policy. Political philosophers focus on free movement as a human right and aid for those in poverty or serious global inequality.

Although there is not a necessary definition for something considered to be morally, ethically, or legally accepted in a society, everyone has an individual connection to what may be considered good or bad for society. The United States government has placed many strict laws on immigration that it proposes will produce a better immigration system. Other countries, through United Nations consensus, allow a minimum two year system for refugee relocation, with other countries such as Canada and Switzerland operating within a four-year system.{{citation needed|date=April 2018}}

According to London School of Economics political theorist [[Chandran Kukathas]], immigration control is a threat to freedom and national [[self-determination]]. He argues, "immigration control is not merely about preventing outsiders from moving across borders. It is about controlling what outsiders do once in a society: whether they work, reside, study, set up businesses, or share their lives with others. But controlling outsiders-immigrants or would-be immigrants requires regulating, monitoring, and sanctioning insiders, those citizens and residents who might otherwise hire, trade with, house, teach, or generally associate with outsiders."<ref>{{Cite book|last=Kukathas|first=Chandran|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv16rdcgw|title=Immigration and Freedom|date=2021|publisher=Princeton University Press|doi=10.2307/j.ctv16rdcgw |jstor=j.ctv16rdcgw|isbn=978-0-691-18968-0|s2cid=233738281 }}</ref>