Editing Freising (section)

==History==
Even though archaeological finds show that the area was settled in the [[Stone Age|late Stone Age]] and [[Bronze Age]], no proof has been found yet to suggest a continuous settlement until the 8th century AD. 

Around 700 AD the Frankish [[Agilolfings|Agilolfing]] dukes built a simple palace on the highest hill in Freising as part of its [[Duchy of Bavaria]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Geschichte der Stadt Freising {{!}} Stadt Freising |url=https://www.freising.de/stadtportraet/geschichte-der-stadt-freising |access-date=2024-09-06 |website=www.freising.de |language=de-DE}}</ref> 

In 724 AD, the Frankish Saint [[Corbinian]] was sent to the Duchy of Bavaria by the Catholic Church to [[Christianisation of the Germanic peoples|spread Christianity]]. On the highest hill in Freising, where there was already a simple sanctuary, Corbinian erected a [[Benedictines|Benedictine]] monastery and a school, to help preach the Gospel to the [[Baiuvarii|local people]]. 

According to his ''Vita'' by Bishop [[Arbeo of Freising|Arbeo]], Corbinian was on his way to [[Rome]] when his [[packhorse]] was attacked and killed by a wild bear. By divine power, Corbinian ordered the bear to carry his luggage over the [[Alps]]. When he finally arrived in Rome he let the bear free. The saddled bear is still the symbol of the city, displayed in the coat of arms, as well as statues and paintings.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kirchmaier |first=Sabina |title=The story of Corbinian & the Bear {{!}} |url=https://tourismus.freising.de/en/sights/domberg-cathedral-hill/the-story-of-corbinian-the-bear |access-date=2024-09-06 |website=tourismus.freising.de |language=en}}</ref> After Corbinian's death, [[Saint Boniface]] established Freising as a Catholic [[diocese]]. Between 764–783, Bishop [[Arbeo]] founded a library and a ''[[scriptorium]]'' (writing room) at the abbey. The settlement started to become a religious centre.

The [[tornado records|earliest recorded tornado]] in Europe struck Freising in 788.<ref>Dr. R. Hennig, Katalog bemerkenswerter Witterungsereignisse. Berlin 1904; Originalquellen: Aventinus (Turmair), Johannes (gest. 1534): Annales Boiorum. Mit Nachtrag. Leipzig 1710; Annales Fuldenses, Chronik des Klosters Fulda. Bei Marquard Freher: Germanicarum rerum scriptores ua Frankfurt aM 1600–1611)</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Tornadoliste Deutschland |url=https://tornadoliste.de/788 |access-date=2024-09-06 |website=Tornadoliste Deutschland |language=de}}</ref>

The mortal remains of [[Pope Alexander I]] are said to have been transferred to Freising in 834. In 996, Freising received city rights from Emperor [[Otto III]].

As early as the 10th century, in order to collect additional revenue, monks were sent from Freising down the [[Isar]] River to build a toll bridge on the [[Salt Road]] between Salzburg and Augsburg. This village would be later known as München (or [[Munich]], which means 'of the monks'). By 1158, [[Henry the Lion|Duke Henry the Lion]] destroyed the bridge and customs building and built new ones closer to his home further downriver, (near the center of modern downtown Munich), so that he could collect the revenue instead.<ref>{{cite CE1913|wstitle= Archdiocese of Munich-Freising |volume= 10 |last= Lins |first= Joseph |author-link= |short=1}}</ref>

The construction of the [[Freising Cathedral]] in its current [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]] style started in 1159 and was completed in 1205. The Romanesque wooden ceiling was replaced by a gothic vault in 1481–1483.<ref>Hermann-Joseph Busley: Die Geschichte des Freisinger Domkapitels von den Anfängen bis zur Wende des 14./15. Jahrhunderts. Dissertation, Universität München 1956.</ref>

Freising went through difficult times during the [[Thirty Years' War]]. In 1632, the Swedish King [[Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden|Gustavus Adolphus]] came through Freising on his way to Munich. He demanded 30,000 guilders as the sum to protect the city from destruction. Nevertheless, his army sacked the city. Hunger and plague raged when the Swedes invaded the city again in 1646. In 1674, the Church placed a statue of the Virgin Mary in the city square as a sign that war and plague had been overcome.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-08-21 |title=Erpresserische Schweden |url=https://www.sueddeutsche.de/muenchen/freising/freisinger-geschichte-erpresserische-schweden-1.4571477 |access-date=2024-09-06 |website=Süddeutsche.de |language=de}}</ref>

A wave of [[Witch-hunt|witch hunts]] and trials broke out from 1715–1717 in Freising, and again in 1721–1723. Most of the accused were child beggars. Several children were executed.<ref>Rainer Beck: Mäuselmacher oder die Imagination des Bösen – Ein Hexenprozess 1715–1723. 2. Auflage. C. H. Beck, München 2012, ISBN 978-3-406-62187-1.</ref>

In 1802/1803 Bavaria fell under the influence of Napoleonic France in which church controlled lands were [[German mediatisation|secularized]]. In Freising, the more than thousand-year-old bishopric was abolished. The Roman Catholic Church lost most of its properties and authority over the city.<ref>Sigmund Benker, Marianne Baumann-Engels: Freising. 1250 Jahre Geistliche Stadt. Ausstellung im Diözesanmuseum und in den historischen Räumen des Dombergs in Freising, 10. Juni bis 19. November 1989. Wewel, München 1989, ISBN 3-87904-162-8.</ref>
Though the seat of the diocese was moved to Munich in 1821, including the elevation to an archdiocese, Freising has remained the seat of diocesan administration until today.

In 1858 the [[Bavarian Eastern Railway Company]] built the first railway line from Munich to Freising, Landshut and Regensburg for passenger and rail traffic.<ref>150 Jahre Eisenbahnstrecke München–Landshut 1858 bis 2008, Siegfried Haberstetter, Erich Bockschweiger, 2008.</ref>

Near the [[Western Allied invasion of Germany|end of the Second World War]], Allied aircraft bombed Freising on April 18, 1945. By April 30, units of the US Army arrived in Freising.<ref>Historischer Verein Freising (Hrsg.): Freising von 1945 bis 1950. 21. Sammelblatt des Historischen Vereins Freising für das Jahr 1950. Neue Münchner Verlags – G.m.b.H., München 1950.</ref>

In 1998, [[Mamdouh Mahmud Salim]], also known as Abu Hajir al-Iraqi, a key figure in the founding of [[al-Qaeda]] and a trusted associate of [[Osama bin Laden|Osama Bin Laden]], was apprehended in Freising.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Steinberg |first=Guido |title=German Jihad: On the Internationalization of Islamist Terrorism |date=2013 |publisher=Columbia University Press |isbn=978-0-231-50053-1 |series=Columbia studies in terrorism and irregular warfare |location=New York, NY |pages=37 |chapter=Two Hamburg Cells: A History of Jihadist Terrorism in Germany}}</ref>

In 2006, [[Pope Benedict XVI]] visited Freising during a papal visit. He was formerly archbishop of Munich/Freising from 1977 to 1982.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Papstbesuch 2006 |url=https://www.erzbistum-muenchen.de/ueber-uns/dioezesangeschichte/papst-benedikt-xvi/und-das-erzbistum/cont/74156 |access-date=2024-09-06 |website=www.erzbistum-muenchen.de |language=de}}</ref>