Editing Frontier (section)

=== Argentina ===
The southern indigenous frontier of the [[Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata]] was the southern limit into which the viceyolty could exert its rule. Beyond this lay territories<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.redalyc.org/html/127/12701208/|chapter=Periferia y frontera al sur del en el sur del virreinato del Perú|language=es|last=Gascón|first=Margarita|year=2001|title=La transición de periferia a frontera : mendoza en el siglo XVII.|journal=Andes. Antropología e Historia|publisher=Andes|pages=4–6|access-date=June 15, 2019|issn=0327-1676}}</ref> ''de facto'' controlled by indigenous peoples who inhabited the [[Pampas]] and [[Patagonia]]. These group were mainly the [[Tehuelche people|Tehuelche]], [[Pehuenche]], [[Mapuche]],<ref>{{Cite book|last=Marimán, P.; Caniuqueo, S.; Millalén, J.; Levil, R.|title=¡…Escucha, winka…!: Cuatro ensayos de Historia Nacional Mapuche y un epílogo sobre el futuro|year=2006|publisher=[[LOM Ediciones|LOM]]|isbn=9562828514|location=Chile|language=es}}</ref> and the [[Ranquel]]es. 
[[File:Indios_pampas_(Serie_Ibarra)_-_Carlos_Morel.jpg|thumbnail|Carlos Morel, Indios pampas (Serie Ibarra). Siglo XIX. Visible: 25 x 28 cm Llitografía: 21 x 26,5 cm, litografía sobre papel|alt=]]
Various military campaigns and peace treaties were arranged by the Spanish in order to either stop indigenous incursions in Spanish lands or to advance the frontier into indigenous territory.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10609160903336101?journalCode=ccla20|title=Mujeres, rehenes y secretarios : mediadores indígenas en la frontera sur del Río de la Plata durante el período hispánico|last=Roulet|first=Florencia|date=December 2009|journal=Colonial Latin America Review|volume=18|language=es|issue=3|access-date=May 10, 2009|page=303|issn=1466-1802|doi=10.1080/10609160903336101|s2cid=161223604|url-access=subscription}}</ref> In the 1870s, to counter the cattle raids (and the native peoples on horseback), Argentina constructed a deep trench, called [[Zanja de Alsina]], to prevent cattle from being driven west and establish a boundary to the raiding tribes in the Pampas. 

Under General [[Julio Argentino Roca]], the [[Conquest of the Desert]] extended Argentine power into [[Patagonia]].