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Gallo language
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==Celtic, Latin and Germanic roots== The [[Celts]] settled in [[Armorica]] toward the 8th century BCE. Some of early groups mentioned in the written records of the [[ancient Greece|Greeks]] were the [[Redones]] and the [[Namnetes]]. They spoke dialects of the [[Gaulish language]]<ref>[http://www.celticcountries.com/society/18-gallo-language Celtic Countries], "Gallo Language" 04 March 2014</ref> and maintained important economic ties with the [[British Isles]].<ref name="ict.griffith.edu.au">[http://www.ict.griffith.edu.au/wiseman/DECB/DECBps.html] "The Ruin and Conquest of Britain 400 A.D. - 600 A.D" 04 March 2014</ref> [[Julius Caesar]]'s invasion of Armorica in 56 BC led to a sort of [[Romanization]] of the population.<ref>[http://www.ancientworlds.net/aw/Places/Place/781091 Ancient Worlds] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120106060909/http://www.ancientworlds.net/aw/Places/Place/781091 |date=2012-01-06 }} "Armorica" 04 March 2014</ref> Gaulish continued to be spoken in this region until the 6th century CE,<ref>[http://indoeuro.bizland.com/tree/selt/gaulish.html]{{dead link|date=December 2017|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}} "Gaulish Language" 04 March 2014</ref>{{dubious|date=April 2025}} especially in less populated, rural areas. When the [[Bretons]] emigrated to Armorica around this time, they might have found remnants of a people who had retained their Celtic language and culture.<ref>[http://www.bretagne.fr/internet/jcms/prod_192282/languages Bretagne.fr] "An Overview of the Languages Used in Brittany" 04 March 2014</ref>{{dubious|date=April 2025}} In contrast to Armorica's western countryside, [[Nantes]] and [[Rennes]] were Roman cultural centres. Following the [[Migration Period]],<ref name="ict.griffith.edu.au"/> these two cities, as well as regions to the east of the [[Vilaine]], including the town [[Vannes]],<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/623076/Vannes Encyclopædia Britannica], "Vannes" 13 April 2014</ref> fell under [[Franks|Frankish]] rule.<ref name="ict.griffith.edu.au"/> Thus, during the [[Merovingian dynasty]], the population of Armorica was diverse, consisting of Gaulish tribes with assimilated Bretons, as well as Romanized cities and Germanic tribes.<ref>[http://sitemaker.umich.edu/mladjov/files/french_rulers.pdf]{{Dead link|date=December 2019|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}} "France" 04 March 2014</ref> War between the Frank and Breton kingdoms was constant between the 6th and 9th centuries,<ref name="ict.griffith.edu.au"/> which made the border between the two difficult to define. Before the 10th century, Breton was spoken by at least one third of the population<ref>[http://www.sorosoro.org/en/breton Sorosoro] "Breton" 04 March 2014</ref> up to the cities of [[Pornic]] and [[Avranches]].{{dubious|date=April 2025}}
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