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Garmr
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===''Poetic Edda''=== The ''[[Poetic Edda]]'' poem ''[[Grímnismál]]'' mentions Garmr: <blockquote><poem>The best of trees | must [[Yggdrasil]] be, [[Skíðblaðnir]] best of boats; Of all the gods | is [[Odin|Óðinn]] the greatest, And [[Sleipnir]] the best of steeds; [[Bifröst]] of bridges, | [[Bragi]] of [[skalds]], [[Hábrók]] of hawks, | and Garm of hounds.<ref name=BELLOWS6>[http://www.sacred-texts.com/neu/poe/poe06.htm Bellows (1923.)]</ref></poem></blockquote> One of the refrains of ''[[Völuspá]]'' uses Garmr's howling to herald the coming of Ragnarök: <blockquote><poem>Now Garm howls loud | before [[Gnipahellir]], The fetters will burst, | and the wolf run free; Much do I know, | and more can see Of the fate of the gods, | the mighty in fight.<ref name=BELLOWS3>[http://www.sacred-texts.com/neu/poe/poe03.htm Bellows (1923).]</ref></poem></blockquote> After the first occurrence of this refrain the [[Fimbulvetr]] is related; the second occurrence is succeeded by the invasion the world of gods by [[jötnar]]; after the last occurrence, the rise of a new and better world is described. ''[[Baldrs draumar]]'' describes a journey which Odin makes to [[Hel (location)|Hel]]. Along the way he meets a dog. <blockquote><poem>Then Óðinn rose, | the enchanter old, And the saddle he laid | on Sleipnir's back; Thence rode he down | to [[Niflhel]] deep, And the hound he met | that came from hell. Bloody he was | on his breast before, At the father of magic | he howled from afar; Forward rode Óðinn, | the earth resounded Till the house so high | of [[Hel (location)|Hel]] he reached.<ref name=BELLOWS13>[http://www.sacred-texts.com/neu/poe/poe13.htm Bellows (1923).]</ref></poem></blockquote> Although unnamed, this dog is sometimes assumed to be Garmr.{{sfn|Lincoln|1991|p=97}} Alternatively, Garmr is sometimes assumed to be identical to [[Fenrir]]. Garmr is sometimes seen as a [[hellhound]], comparable to [[Cerberus]].
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