Editing General Motors Delta platform (section)

== Delta II ==
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'''Delta II''' was [[General Motors]]' global [[compact car]] [[automobile platform|platform]], developed by Opel in Germany. It was the successor to the GM Delta platform. Internally, it is simply known as a new ''Global Compact Vehicle Architecture or GCV''.

The platform features a torsion beam (marketed as ''compound crank'') rear suspension with optional [[Watt's linkage]] which improves vehicle handling; such configuration is used with the Opel Astra, Buick Verano, Cadillac ELR, Opel Cascada, and higher trim-levels of the American-market Chevrolet Cruze.

This suspension is usually described as semi-independent, meaning that the two wheels can move relative to each other, but their motion is still somewhat inter-linked, to a greater extent than in a true independent rear suspension (IRS). This can mildly compromise the handling and ride quality of the vehicle. For this reason, some manufacturers have changed to different linkage designs. As an example, [[Volkswagen]] dropped the torsion beam in favour of a true IRS for the [[Volkswagen Golf Mk5]], possibly in response to the [[Ford Focus (International)|Ford Focus]]'s Control Blade rear suspension.

As noted, certain GM brands and models have continued to use the suspension setup, known variously as twist beam, [[torsion beam]], or compound crank suspension. This is at a cost saving of €100 per car compared to multi-link rear suspension.<ref name="astra-suspension">{{cite web|url=http://www.richardaucock.com/astra-suspension-by-automotive-engineer/ |title=Astra suspension by Automotive Engineer |author=Richard Aucock |date=January 22, 2010 |access-date=2012-09-09 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413154837/http://www.richardaucock.com/astra-suspension-by-automotive-engineer/ |archive-date=2014-04-13 }}</ref> The version used on the 2009–2015 [[Opel Astra]] and the 2011–2016 [[Buick Verano]] uses a [[Watt's linkage]] at a cost of €20 to address the drawbacks and provide a competitive and cost-effective rear suspension.<ref name="astra-suspension"/> The [[Renault Mégane]] and [[Citroen C4]] also have stayed with the twist beam.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ae-plus.com/focus/vehicle-dynamics-and-chassis-a-new-leaf|title=Vehicle dynamics & chassis: A new leaf|author=Simon Bickerstaffe|date=December 1, 2010|access-date=September 9, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161103014704/http://ae-plus.com/focus/vehicle-dynamics-and-chassis-a-new-leaf|archive-date=November 3, 2016|url-status=usurped}}</ref> The twist beam has been shown to suffer less from bushing wear than a fully independent multi-link suspension, thus resulting in a virtually maintenance-free rear suspension.

GM chose this compact vehicle architecture for its first [[GM Voltec powertrain|Voltec application]], the [[Chevrolet Volt]]. Production began in November 2010 with the first examples delivered to retail customers in December 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wn.com/NEW_2011_Chevy_Volt__Gearhart_Chevrolet_Delivers_First_Volt_in_America|title=NEW 2011 Chevy Volt - Gearhart Chevrolet Delivers First Volt in America|date=December 16, 2010}}</ref>

=== Applications ===
Production vehicles based on Delta II platform:
* 2008–2016 [[Chevrolet Cruze]], Daewoo Lacetti Premiere, Holden Cruze<ref>{{Cite web |date=2008-07-10 |title=Paris debut for new Chevrolet Cruze sedan - paultan.org |url=https://paultan.org/2008/07/10/paris-debut-for-new-chevrolet-cruze-sedan/ |access-date=2023-03-09 |website=Paul Tan's Automotive News |language=en-US}}</ref>
* 2009–2015 [[Opel Astra]] J, [[Buick Excelle XT]]
* 2010–2015 [[Chevrolet Volt]]
* 2010–2018 [[Chevrolet Orlando]]
* 2011–2016 [[Buick Verano]]
* 2011–2015 [[Opel Ampera]]
* 2011–2019 [[Opel Zafira Tourer]] C
* 2013–2016 [[Cadillac ELR]]<ref>[http://www.autoweek.com/article/20100110/DETROIT/100119997 "GM to produce Cadillac Converj with Volt's plug-in technology"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012061119/http://www.autoweek.com/article/20100110/DETROIT/100119997 |date=2013-10-12 }} ''(Automotive Week)'' January 11, 2010</ref>{{Failed verification|date=September 2013}}<ref>[http://wot.motortrend.com/6609551/auto-news/report-gm-will-produce-volt-based-cadillac-converj-plug-in-concept/index.html "GM Will Produce Volt-Based Cadillac Converj Plug-in Concept"] ''(Motor Trend)'' January 11, 2010</ref>{{Failed verification|date=September 2013}}
* 2013–2019 [[Opel Cascada]] (also marketed as Vauxhall Cascada, Holden Cascada, Buick Cascada, and Opel Cabrio)
* 2017–2021 [[Chevrolet Cavalier]]

<gallery>
File:Chevrolet Cruze J300 sedan China 2012-04-14.jpg|Chevrolet Cruze
File:20100731 daewoo lacetti premiere 01.jpg|Daewoo Lacetti Premiere
File:2009-2010 Holden Cruze (JG) CDX sedan (2018-08-20).jpg|Holden Cruze
File:Opel Astra Design Edition (J) – Frontansicht (1), 14. August 2011, Heiligenhaus.jpg|Opel Astra J
File:2012 Buick Verano -- 04-30-2012.JPG|Buick Verano
File:Buick Excelle XT 01 China 2012-04-29.JPG|Buick Excelle XT
File:Buick Excelle GT 01 China 2012-05-20.JPG|Buick Excelle GT
File:2012 Vauxhall Astra SE Turbo 1.4 Front.jpg|Vauxhall Astra Mk6
File:DCA 06 2012 Chevy Volt 4035.JPG|Chevrolet Volt (first generation)
File:2015 Holden Astra (PJ) GTC hatchback (2018-03-28) 01.jpg|Holden Astra
File:2012 Holden Volt (EV MY13) hatchback (26273290082).jpg|Holden Volt
File:Opel Zafira Tourer 1.4 Turbo ecoFLEX Edition (C) – Frontansicht, 15. September 2012, Düsseldorf.jpg|Opel Zafira C
File:2014 Vauxhall Zafira Tourer SRi CDTi Automatic 2.0 Front.jpg|Vauxhall Zafira Mk3
File:Opel Ampera ePionier Edition – Frontansicht, 9. Juli 2012, Heiligenhaus.jpg|Opel Ampera
File:2014 Vauxhall Ampera Positiv CVT 1.4 Front.jpg|Vauxhall Ampera
File:Chevrolet Orlando LTZ 1.8 – Frontansicht, 16. April 2011, Hilden.jpg|Chevrolet Orlando
File:Opel Meriva B front 20100723.jpg|Opel Meriva B
File:2011 Vauxhall Mervia SE 1.4 Front.jpg|Vauxhall Meriva B
File:2014 Cadillac ELR delivery Dec 2013 (1).jpg|Cadillac ELR
File:Opel Cascada 1.6 EDIT Innovation – Frontansicht, 23. März 2014, Düsseldorf.jpg|Opel Cascada
File:2014 Vauxhall Cascada SE CDTi 2.0.jpg|Vauxhall Cascada
File:Buick Cascada (16282443827).jpg|Buick Cascada
File:2017 Holden Cascada (CJ MY17) convertible (2018-11-26).jpg|Holden Cascada
File:Chevrolet Cavalier CN 01 China 2017-03-28.jpg|Chevrolet Cavalier
</gallery>