Editing Gentrification (section)

==Causes==
{{harvtxt|Palen|London|1984}} compiled five explanations for gentrification since the 1970s:

# demographic-ecological: dual white-collar wage-earner households with fewer children wanted to live closer to work and thus moved to the inner city;<ref name="Palen pages needed">{{harvnb|Palen|London|1984|last1=|year=|p=18}}</ref>
# sociocultural: middle- and upper-middle-class families developed more pro-urban views, opting to live in urban areas;<ref name="Palen pages needed" />
# political-economical: the decreasing availability of suburban land prompted more high-income individuals to live in urban areas;<ref name="Palen pages needed" />
# community networks: [[Technological advancement|technological advances]] in transportation and communication prompts more people to live in large-scale communities;<ref>Greer, 1962 {{full citation needed|date=April 2019}}</ref>
# social movements: when high status elites and institutions sought to revive the inner cities, more high-income individuals moved into the cities.<ref name="Palen pages needed" />
Other explanations propose that as people tire of the automobile-dependent [[urban sprawl]] style of life, they move to urban areas,<ref name=":2">{{cite book |last=Florida |first=Richard |title=The Rise of the Creative Class: and how it's transforming work, leisure, community and everyday life |year=2002 |location=New York |publisher=Basic Books |isbn=978-0-465-02477-3 |title-link=The Rise of the Creative Class}}</ref> in particular to homes near public transit stations.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lin |first=Jeffrey |year=2002 |title=Gentrification and Transit in Northwest Chicago |journal=Transportation Quarterly |volume=56 |pages=175–191}}</ref><ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Chen |first1=Yefu |last2=Xi |first2=Hao |last3=Jiao |first3=Junfeng |date=February 2023 |title=What Are the Relationships between Public Transit and Gentrification Progress? An Empirical Study in the New York–Northern New Jersey–Long Island Areas |journal=Land |language=en |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=358 |doi=10.3390/land12020358 |issn=2073-445X |doi-access=free}}</ref> The increase in professional jobs in the central business district has increased demand for living in urban areas according to {{harvtxt|Ley|1980}}. Critical geographers have argued that capital flows and developers have been instrumental in causing gentrification.<ref>Neil Smith, Uneven Development: Nature, Capital, and the Production of Space (Verso Books, 2020)</ref><ref name="Smith page needed">{{harvnb|Smith|Williams|1986}}{{page needed|date=April 2019}}</ref>{{sfn|Hamnett|1991|pp=186-187}}

The [[de-industrialization]] of cities in developed nations may have caused displacement by reducing the number of [[blue-collar]] jobs available to the urban working class and middle-class.

Some have argued that the counterculture movement in the 1960s created disdain for the "standardization of look-alike suburbs", prompting people to live in urban areas.<ref name="Ley page needed" /> Others argue that a desire to live near cultural attractions prompts gentrification.<ref name="Lees page needed">{{harvnb|Lees|Slater|Wyly|2010}}{{page needed|date=April 2019}}</ref>