Editing Gerald Graham (section)

==Later service==
[[File:VCGeraldGraham.jpg|thumb|left|175px|Photo from the Royal Engineers Library with permission]]
During the [[Second Anglo-Chinese War]] he again displayed great courage and skill and, although seriously wounded in the storming of the Taku forts (21 August 1860), subsequently entered [[Beijing|Peking]] with the victors.  Following his return to England in 1861, he was for 16 years commanding engineer successively at [[Brighton]], [[Aldershot]], [[Montreal]], [[Chatham, Medway|Chatham]], [[Manchester]], and [[York]].  In 1877 he was appointed assistant director of works for barracks at the [[War Office]].

In 1882 he accompanied [[Garnet Wolseley|Sir Garnet Wolseley]] to [[Egypt]] as [[Brigadier General|brigadier general]], and his forces had a great share in the victorious campaign against [[Ahmed 'Urabi|Urabi Pasha]].  In 1884 he took the field against [[Osman Digna]], whose army he defeated at [[Battles of El Teb|El-Teb]] and [[Battle of Tamai|Tamai]].  In the meantime he had urged a plan for the assistance of [[Charles George Gordon|Gordon]], which, however, was not accepted.

Graham led a [[Suakin Expedition#Second expedition|second Suakin Field Force]] which arrived at the port on 12 March 1885.  Its purpose was to suppress [[Osman Digna]]'s forces which were active in the area, and to supervise the construction of the [[Suakin-Berber Railway]]. The field force engaged in two actions: at [[Battle of Tofrek#Hashin Engagement – 20th March 1885|Hashin]] on 20 March and at [[Battle of Tofrek|Tofrek]] on 22 March, before the British government changed its policies, shutting down the railway project and leaving the Sudan in May 1885.

In his book "The Battle of Tofrek, fought near Suakin, March 22nd 1885",<ref>Galloway W., The Battle of Tofrek, fought near Suakin, March 22nd 1885, Reprint of 1887 Original Edition, publ. Naval And Military Press Ltd.</ref> written shortly after the battle for the purpose of correcting erroneous statements in both official and press reports of the battle, William Galloway was strongly critical of General Graham's planning of the Tofrek expedition on three counts: 
# Compared to the expedition to Hashin on 20 March which Graham commanded himself, which had been protected by four squadrons of British cavalry and a regiment of Bengal cavalry acting as scouts, the Tofrek expedition which he delegated to the command of [[John Carstairs McNeill|General McNeill]] had only one squadron of Lancers plus a company of Mounted Infantry to provide warning of enemy activity;
# Whereas Graham had the protection of a battery of Royal Horse Artillery able to shell the enemy at long range, no artillery was assigned to McNeill's force;
# Whereas the ratio of men to transport animals had been over 5:1 in the earlier expedition, it was no more than 2:1 for the later one, resulting in greater difficulties in keeping controlling of the animals.
Galloway was even more critical of Graham for a last-minute change to McNeill's marching orders.  Instead of following an established track in a southwesterly direction towards Tamai as originally planned, Graham personally instructed McNeill to march westwards into uncharted territory, which turned out to be thickly covered by a jungle of mimosa bushes with long low-lying branches covered in sharp thorns. This caused progress to be both slow and difficult while affording the enemy excellent cover for the surprise attack that they launched later in the day.
[[File:Gerald Graham VC Grave 2017.jpg|thumb|right|The grave of Gerald Graham VC in 2017. Behind it is the grave of [[George Channer]] VC]]
Graham was made a [[Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath]] in 1896, and a colonel commandant of the Corps of [[Royal Engineers]] in 1899. He is buried in [[East-the-Water Cemetery, Bideford|East-the Water Cemetery]] in [[Bideford]] in [[Devon]] in a grave adjacent to that of [[George Channer]] VC.