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Gettysburg Address
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==Text== Shortly after Everett concluded his lengthy speech, which was well received by the crowd, Lincoln rose and, from the speakers' podium, addressed the crowd for only approximately two minutes.<ref>Murphy, Jim (1992). ''The Long Road to Gettysburg'', New York: Clarion Books. p. 105, "with a pronounced Kentucky accent".</ref> His 271-word speech was ten sentences long.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Thompson |first1=Michael Clay |title=Lincoln's Ten Sentences: The Gettysburg Address: Instructor Manual}}</ref> Despite the historical significance of Lincoln's speech, modern scholars disagree on the precise wording in Lincoln's speech, and contemporary transcriptions published in newspaper accounts of the event and several of Lincoln's handwritten copies of the address differ slightly in wording, punctuation, and structure.<ref name=Gopnik>{{cite news|author=Gopnik, Adam|url=http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2007/05/28/070528fa_fact_gopnik|title=Angels and Ages: Lincoln's language and its legacy|date=May 28, 2007|access-date=November 23, 2007|archive-date=May 3, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503122548/https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2007/05/28/angels-and-ages|url-status=live}} Gopnik notes, "Gabor Boritt, in his book ''The Gettysburg Gospel'', has a thirty-page appendix that compares what Lincoln (probably) read at the memorial with what people heard and reported. Most of the differences are small, and due to understandable confusions ... A few disputes seem more significant."</ref><ref>Also note [http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=jala;view=text;rgn=main;idno=2629860.0024.203 Johnson's] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503122550/https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=jala&view=text&rgn=main&idno=2629860.0024.203 |date=May 3, 2021 }} reference that "In 1895 Congress had voted to place at Gettysburg a bronze tablet engraved with the address but had mandated a text that does not correspond to any in Lincoln's hand or to contemporary newspaper accounts. The statute is reprinted in [[Henry Sweetser Burrage]], Gettysburg and Lincoln: The Battle, the Cemetery, and the National Park (New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1906), 211."</ref> Among these versions, the Bliss version, written by Lincoln after the speech as a favor for a friend, is viewed by many as the standard text.<ref name=Borrit>Boritt, Gabor. ''The Gettysburg Gospel: The Lincoln Speech That Nobody Knows'', Appendix B p. 290: "This is the only copy that ... Lincoln dignified with a title: 'Address delivered at the dedication of the cemetery at Gettysburg,' a rare full signature, and the date: 'November 19, 1863.' ... This final draft, generally considered the standard text, remained in the Bliss family until 1949."</ref> Its text differs, however, from the written versions prepared by Lincoln before and after his speech. But it is the only version which includes Lincoln's signature, and the last version of the speech that he is known to have written.<ref name=Borrit/> The Bliss version is as follows: <!--THIS IS A DIRECT TRANSCRIPTION OF THE BLISS COPY OF THE GETTYSBURG ADDRESS - PLEASE DO NOT ALTER SPELLINGS OR WORDING, E.G. "CANNOT" FOR "CAN NOT", OR "THAT NATION" FOR "THAT THAT NATION". THE BLISS COPY INCLUDES "UNDER GOD" AND DIRECT QUOTATIONS ARE NOT GIVEN WIKILINKS --> {{Quote box|width = 50%|align = left|style = padding: 20px 30px 20px 30px|fontsize = 100%|border = 1px|source=—[[Abraham Lincoln]]|quote = Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives <!--"That that nation" is the historically correct version. Please do not modify it. It is also grammatically correct. Thank you!--> that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate—we can not consecrate—we can not hallow—this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us—that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion—that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain—that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom—and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth. |sign=}} {{listen | filename = Gettysburg_by_Britton.ogg | title = {{center|Gettysburg Address<br>Read by Britton Rea 2006{{Efn|This reading replaces "far so" with "so far", in "...thus far so nobly advanced.", compared to the Bliss copy}}}} | description = {{center|Audio 00:01:50}} | format = [[Ogg]] }} {{clear}}
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