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Ghotuo language
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=== Tone === Ghotuo is a terraced three-[[Tone (linguistics)|tone]] language. The three basic tones in Ghotuo are high, mid, and low. It experiences the [[downstep]] in the low and mid-tone levels, which means that in these tone levels, if two [[Syllable|syllables]] have the same tone then the second syllable is lower than the first one. One analysis of tone in Ghotuo conducted by Kolawole Adeniyi, a researcher from [[Obafemi Awolowo University]], found that Ghotuo speakers tended to remove downstep from their speech when speaking with non-native speakers. This indicates the downstep in Ghotuo is speaker-controlled.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Adeniyi |first=Kolawe |year=2012 |title=The role of Discourse in the typology of downsteps: Evidence from Ebira and Ghotuo |url=https://exlingsociety.com/wp-content/uploads/proceedings/exling-2012/05_0001_000207.pdf |url-status=live |journal=International Society of Experimental Linguistics |pages=1β5 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231216010145/https://exlingsociety.com/wp-content/uploads/proceedings/exling-2012/05_0001_000207.pdf |archive-date=December 16, 2023}}</ref> [[Downdrift]] is also present in Ghouto; the mid and high tones are progressively lowered by the low tones preceding them. Downdrift is not automatically present in every Ghotuo word with mid or high tones following low tones. However, it is present in every word where a low tone follows a mid or high tone. Ghotuo contains [[Falling tone|falling tones]]; the low tone falls if it is placed after a mid or high tone. There are also "mid-falling" and "high-falling" tones found in the language.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bogers |first1=Koen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iZZsDwAAQBAJ |title=The Phonological Representation of Suprasegmentals: Studies on African Languages Offered to John M. Stewart on his 60th Birthday |last2=Hulst |first2=Harry van der |last3=Mous |first3=Marten |date=2016-09-26 |publisher=Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG |isbn=978-3-11-086629-2 |pages=51β62 |language=en}}</ref>
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