Editing Glob (programming) (section)

===Unix-like{{anchor|Unix}}===

On [[Unix-like]] systems {{code|*}}, {{code|?}} is defined as above while {{code|[…]}} has two additional meanings:<ref name="posixglob"/><ref name="linuxglob7"/>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Wildcard
! Description
! Example
! Matches
! Does not match

|-
| {{code|[!abc]}}
| matches one character that is not given in the bracket
| {{code|[!C]at}}
| {{code|Bat}}, {{code|bat}}, or {{code|cat}}
| {{code|Cat}}

|-
| {{code|[!a-z]}}
| matches one character that is not from the range given in the bracket
| {{code|Letter[!3-5]}}
| {{code|Letter1}}, {{code|Letter2}}, {{code|Letter6}} up to {{code|Letter9}} and {{code|Letterx}} etc.
| {{code|Letter3}}, {{code|Letter4}}, {{code|Letter5}} or {{code|Letterxx}}

|}

The ranges are also allowed to include pre-defined character classes, equivalence classes for accented characters, and collation symbols for hard-to-type characters. They are defined to match up with the brackets in POSIX regular expressions.<ref name="posixglob"/><ref name="linuxglob7"/>

Unix globbing is handled by the [[Shell (computing)|shell]] per POSIX tradition. Globbing is provided on filenames at the [[command line interface|command line]] and in [[shell script]]s.<ref name="ABSGlob"/> The POSIX-mandated <code>case</code> statement in shells provides pattern-matching using glob patterns.

Some shells (such as the [[C shell]] and [[Bash_(Unix_shell)|Bash]]) support additional syntax known as [[alternation (string expansion)|alternation]] or [[brace expansion]]. Because it is not part of the glob syntax, it is not provided in <code>case</code>. It is only expanded on the command line before globbing.

The Bash shell also supports the following extensions:<ref>{{cite web |title=Bash globs |url=https://mywiki.wooledge.org/glob |website=greg's bash knowledgebase |access-date=25 November 2019 |archive-date=2019-11-18  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191118054712/http://mywiki.wooledge.org/glob |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Extended globbing (extglob): allows other pattern matching operators to be used to match multiple occurrences of a pattern enclosed in parentheses, essentially providing the missing [[kleene star]] and alternation for describing regular languages. It can be enabled by setting the {{code|extglob}} shell option. This option came from ksh93.<ref name="bashpat"/> The GNU fnmatch and glob has an identical extension.<ref name=fnmatch3/>
* globstar: allows <code>**</code> on its own as a name component to recursively match any number of layers of non-hidden directories.<ref name="bashpat"/> Also supported by the [[JavaScript]] libraries and [[Python (programming language)|Python]]'s glob.