Editing Goldcrest (section)

== Voice ==
[[File:Goldcrest (Regulus regulus) (W1CDR0001500 BD19).ogg|thumb|left|Song of the male goldcrest, near [[Camberley]] ]]
[[File:Regulus regulus -Vendee, France-8.jpg|left|thumb|Male in [[France]] displaying orange crest feathers that are set within a narrow rim of yellow feathers]]
The typical [[Bird vocalization|contact call]] of the goldcrest is a thin, high-pitched ''zee'' given at intervals of 1–4 seconds, with all the notes at the same pitch. It sometimes has a more clipped ending, or is delivered more rapidly. The call is higher and less rough than that of the firecrest. The song of the male goldcrest is a very high, thin double note ''cedar'', repeated 5–7 times and ending in a flourish, ''{{not a typo|cedarcedar-cedar-cedar-cedar-stichi-see-pee}}''.<ref name= Simms/> The entire song lasts 3–4 seconds and is repeated 5–7 times a minute. This song, often uttered while the male is foraging, can be heard in most months of the year. There is also a subdued rambling subsong.<ref name= Simms/> Male goldcrests sometimes show a territorial response to recordings of the songs or calls of the common firecrest, but the reverse is apparently not true, since the songs of the common firecrest are simpler in construction than those of its relatives.<ref name= Simms/><ref name= Packert>{{cite journal | last= Päckert | first= Martin |author2=Martens, Jochen |author3=Hofmeister, Tanja |date=January 2001 | title= Lautäußerungen der Sommergoldhähnchen von den Inseln Madeira und Mallorca (''Regulus ignicapillus madeirensis, R. i. balearicus'') | journal= Journal für Ornithologie |language = de | volume= 142| issue = 1 | pages= 16–29 | doi = 10.1046/j.1439-0361.2000.00054.x }}</ref>

The songs of mainland goldcrests vary only slightly across their range and consist of a single song type, but much more divergence has occurred in the isolated [[Macaronesia]]n populations. Not only are there variations between islands and within an island, but individual males on the Azores can have up to three song types. The dialects on the Azores fall into two main groups, neither of which elicited a response from male European goldcrests in playback experiments.<ref name= packert2004>{{cite journal | last= Päckert | first= Martin |author2=Martens, Jochen | year= 2004 | title= Song dialects on the Atlantic islands: goldcrests of the Azores (''Regulus regulus azoricus'', ''R. r. sanctae-mariae'', '' R. r. inermis'') | journal= Journal of Ornithology | volume= 145 | issue = 1 | pages= 23–30 | doi = 10.1007/s10336-003-0003-8 | bibcode= 2004JOrn..145...23P | s2cid= 24699686 }}</ref> There are also two main dialect groups on the Canary islands, a widespread group similar to the European version, and another that is restricted to the mountains of Tenerife.<ref name= Packert/> The song variations have been used to investigate the colonisation pattern of the Macaronesian islands by goldcrests, and identified a previously unknown subspecies.<ref name= PäckertWink>{{cite journal | last= Päckert | first= Martin |author2=Dietzen, Christian |author3=Martens, Jochen |author4=Wink, Michael |author5=Kvist, Laura |date=July 2006 | title= Radiation of Atlantic goldcrests ''Regulus regulus'' spp.: evidence of a new taxon from the Canary Islands | journal= Journal of Avian Biology | volume= 37 | issue = 4 | pages= 364–380 | doi = 10.1111/j.2006.0908-8857.03533.x }}</ref>