Editing Grey Wolves (organization) (section)

==Ideology==
The Grey Wolves adhere to an extreme form of [[Turkish nationalism]].<ref name="Taspinar 2005"/> It has been characterized as an [[Ultranationalism|ultra-nationalist]]<ref name="Taspinar 2005"/> and [[Neo-fascism|neo-fascist]] paramilitary organization by political scholars,<ref name="Sullivan"/><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Karasapan|first1=Omer|title=Turkey and US Strategy in the Age of Glasnost|journal=[[Middle East Report]]|volume=17|year=1989|issue=160|pages=587–606|doi=10.2307/3013440|jstor=260523|quote=The US also established contacts with the neofascist Nationalist Movement Party and its militants, the Grey Wolves.}}</ref><ref name="Aslan&Bozay"/><ref name="Canefe&Bora"/><ref name="Cooley"/> the [[mainstream media]],<ref name="nyt 1981"/><ref name="Irish times">{{cite news|last1=Starr|first1=Stephen|title=Turkey protective of ethnic Turkmens in Syria|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/middle-east/turkey-protective-of-ethnic-turkmens-in-syria-1.2535691|newspaper=[[The Irish Times]]|date=15 February 2016|quote=...the Grey Wolves, a neo-fascist, militant youth group...|access-date=15 December 2016|archive-date=25 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225002620/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/middle-east/turkey-protective-of-ethnic-turkmens-in-syria-1.2535691|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Erdemir |first1=Aykan |last2=Tahiroglu |first2=Merve |title=Turkish Grey Wolves target 'Chinese' |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/turkish-grey-wolves-target-chinese/ |work=[[Politico Europe]] |date=30 July 2015 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200820105709/https://www.politico.eu/article/turkish-grey-wolves-target-chinese/ |archive-date=20 August 2020 |access-date=22 April 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[Left-wing politics|left-wing]] sources.<ref name="greenleft 1999">{{cite journal|last1=Dixon|first1=Norm|title=Kurds defy repression with strong vote for HADEP|journal=[[Green Left Weekly]]|date=28 April 1999|url=https://www.greenleft.org.au/content/kurds-defy-repression-strong-vote-hadep |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228191630/https://www.greenleft.org.au/content/kurds-defy-repression-strong-vote-hadep |archive-date=28 February 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Maass|first1=Alan|last2=Gagné|first2=Tom|title=The coup that followed the coup in Turkey|url=https://socialistworker.org/2016/08/11/the-coup-that-followed-the-coup|work=socialistworker.org ([[Socialist Worker#United States|Socialist Worker]])|date=11 August 2016|quote=...the far-right Nationalist Movement Party (MHP), with its openly fascist "Grey Wolves" youth organization...|access-date=15 December 2016|archive-date=8 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220108135022/https://socialistworker.org/2016/08/11/the-coup-that-followed-the-coup|url-status=live}}</ref> [[R. W. Apple Jr.]], writing in ''[[The New York Times]]'' in 1981, described MHP and its satellite groups as a "xenophobic, fanatically nationalist, neofascist network steeped in violence."<ref name="nyt 1981"/> The organization's ideology emphasizes the [[Turkic history|early history of the Turkic peoples]] in [[Central Asia]] and blends it with [[Islamic culture]] and [[Iman (Islam)|beliefs]]; their synthesis of Turkish identity, political ideology, and Islamic beliefs is referred to as "[[Turkish Islamonationalism]]", and is widely prevalent in their rhetoric and activities. One of their mottos is: "Your doctor will be a Turk and your medicine will be Islam."<ref name="microconflict"/> Other sources have described it as [[Secularism in Turkey|secular]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Bale|first1=Jeffrey M.|title=Definition of Terrorism|url=http://www.miis.edu/academics/researchcenters/terrorism/about/Terrorism_Definition|website=Monterey Terrorism & Research Education Program|location=[[Middlebury, Vermont]]|publisher=[[Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130107103419/http://www.miis.edu/academics/researchcenters/terrorism/about/Terrorism_Definition|archive-date=7 January 2013}}</ref>

Their ideology is based on a "superiority" of the Turkish "race" and the Turkish nation.<ref name="Wangmo&Yazilitas" /> According to Peters, they strive for an "ideal" Turkish nation, which they define as "Sunni-Islamic and [[mono-ethnic]]: only inhabited by 'true' Turks."<ref name="Peters">{{cite web|last1=Peters|first1=L.S.|title=The big world experiment: the mobilization of social capital in migrant communities|url=http://dare.uva.nl/document/2/77487|publisher=FMG: Amsterdam Institute for Social Science Research (AISSR)|page=152|year=2010|access-date=31 October 2014|archive-date=8 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208232607/http://dare.uva.nl/document/2/77487|url-status=live}}</ref> A Turk is defined as someone who lives in the Turkish territory, feels Turkish and calls themselves Turkish.<ref name="Peters" /> In their ideology and activities, they are hostile to virtually all non-Turkish or non-Sunni elements within Turkey, including [[Kurds in Turkey|Kurds]],<ref>{{cite news|last1=Humer|first1=Stephan|title=Turkish elections: Turkey's Kurd-hating Grey Wolves spreading neo-nazi poison across Europe|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/turkish-elections-turkeys-kurd-hating-grey-wolves-spreading-neo-nazi-poison-across-europe-1504725|work=[[International Business Times]]|date=5 June 2015|archive-url=https://archive.today/20151128070050/http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/turkish-elections-turkeys-kurd-hating-grey-wolves-spreading-neo-nazi-poison-across-europe-1504725|archive-date=28 November 2015|access-date=20 August 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Alevis]],<ref>{{cite news|last1=Jégo|first1=Marie|title=Turquie: les différents masques du loup|url=http://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/1999/04/30/turquie-les-differents-masques-du-loup_3555472_1819218.html|work=[[Le Monde]]|date=30 April 1999|language=fr|quote=Pour la minorité religieuse alévie – ces « protestants » de l'islam, près de quinze millions de personnes, et parmi elles nombre de Kurdes –, marquée par les terribles massacres perpétrés en particulier par les « Loups gris » à Maras (1978) ou à Sivas (1979, 1993), le retour du MHP n'est pas une bonne nouvelle.|access-date=2 November 2014|archive-date=8 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220108230544/https://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/1999/04/30/turquie-les-differents-masques-du-loup_3555472_1819218.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Arabs]], [[Armenians in Turkey|Armenians]], [[Greeks in Turkey|Greeks]], [[Christians in Turkey|Christians]], and [[Jews in Turkey|Jews]].<ref name="2013 report" /><ref name="spiegel" /><ref name="ESI" /> They embrace [[anti-Semitic]] [[Antisemitic conspiracy theory|conspiracy theories]] such as those put forward by ''[[The Protocols of the Elders of Zion]]'', and have distributed the Turkish translation of [[Adolf Hitler]]'s ''[[Mein Kampf]]''.<ref name="investigativeproject.org"/>

[[File:Turkic language map-present range.png|thumb|Grey Wolves seek to unite all [[Turkic peoples]]. This map shows parts of Eurasia inhabited by Turkic-speaking peoples.]]

The Grey Wolves are [[Pan-Turkism|Pan-Turkist]] and seek to unite the [[Turkic peoples]] in one state stretching from the [[Balkans]] to Central Asia.<ref name="Hunter" /><ref name="Østergaard" /><!-- "Pan Turkism from the Balkans to Central Asia "Die Grauen Wölfe träumen von der Vereinigung aller Turkvölker zu einer Großtürkei, die vom Balkan bis Zentralasien reichen soll."--><ref name="spiegel" /> After the [[dissolution of the Soviet Union]] in 1991, the Grey Wolves called for "a revived Turkish empire embracing newly independent Central Asian states of the former Soviet Union."<ref name="Zaman" /> They have proposed "a pan-Turkish extension of the Turkish nation-state."<ref>{{cite journal|last=Tunander|first=Ola|author-link=Ola Tunander|title=A New Ottoman Empire? The Choice for Turkey: Euro-Asian Centre vs National Fortress|journal=[[Security Dialogue]]|date=1995|volume=26|issue=4|pages=413–427|quote=Turkey is not preparing for military competition with Russia in the former Soviet republics, nor for a pan-Turkish extension of the Turkish nation-state, as has been proposed by the right-wing extremists, the 'Grey Wolves'.|doi=10.1177/0967010695026004007|s2cid=143697855}}</ref> Due to their pan-Turkic agenda they are [[Anti-Chinese sentiment|hostile towards China]],<ref>{{cite news|last1=Erdemir|first1=Aykan|last2=Tahiroglu|first2=Merve|title=Turkish Grey Wolves target 'Chinese'|url=http://www.politico.eu/article/turkish-grey-wolves-target-chinese/|work=[[Politico]]|date=30 July 2015|language=en|quote=Their solidarity with the distant Uighurs may seem odd, but many Turkish ultranationalists view the Turkic-speaking peoples of Central Asia — the region from which the nomads who would settle Anatolia originally came — as their brethren.|access-date=8 August 2015|archive-date=18 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211218050735/https://www.politico.eu/article/turkish-grey-wolves-target-chinese/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Anti-Iranian sentiment|Iran]],<ref name="Hunter">{{cite book|last1=Hunter|first1=Shireen T.|author-link1=Shireen Hunter|title=Iran's Foreign Policy in the Post-Soviet Era: Resisting the New International Order|date=2010|publisher=ABC-CLIO|location=Santa Barbara, California|isbn=978-0-313-38194-2|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=wLtA_J3VUt4C&dq=%22Grey+Wolves%22+bozkurt&pg=PA158 158]|quote=For different reasons, two groups in Turkey have a hostile view of Iran: [...] (2) the ultranationalists with pan-Turkist aspirations, exemplified by groups such as the Grey Wolves (Bozkurt).}}</ref> and [[Anti-Russian sentiment|Russia]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Nuriyev|first1=Bulat|title=Так будет ли у Т. Эрдогана достойный конкурент? [Will Erdogan have a worthy competitor?]|url=http://echo.msk.ru/blog/ozgur/947392-echo/|agency=[[Echo of Moscow]]|date=3 November 2012|language=ru|quote=И, в-третьих, это националисты, или «серые волки», далеко недружелюбно посматривающие в сторону Москвы.|access-date=3 November 2014|archive-date=8 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220108135025/https://echo.msk.ru/blog/ozgur/947392-echo/|url-status=live}}</ref>

The Grey Wolves are staunchly [[anti-communist]] and have a history of violence toward leftists.<ref name="Atkins" /><ref name="crisisgroup" /><ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.dw.com/en/erdogans-plans-for-power-hinge-on-turkish-nationalist-feud/a-19259604| title=Erdogan's plans for power hinge on Turkish nationalist feud &#124; DW &#124; 15.05.2016| website=[[Deutsche Welle]]| access-date=22 February 2018| archive-date=8 January 2022| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220108140138/https://www.dw.com/en/erdogans-plans-for-power-hinge-on-turkish-nationalist-feud/a-19259604| url-status=live}}</ref>