Editing Groupe Bull (section)

=== Growth ===
The company has undergone many [[Mergers and acquisitions|takeovers and mergers]] since its formation.<ref name="Mounier-Kuhn89">Pierre Mounier-Kuhn, "Bull - A Worldwide Company Born in Europe", ''Annals of the History of Computing'', 1989, vol. 11/4.</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Mounier-Kuhn|first=Pierre|title=From Kamatec to Bull Netherlands|url=https://www.academia.edu/29431713|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cairn.info/revue-entreprises-et-histoire-2014-2-page-42.htm#|title=From General Electric to Bull: a case of managerial knowledge transfer|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160806211916/http://www.cairn.info/revue-entreprises-et-histoire-2014-2-page-42.htm|archive-date=2016-08-06|access-date=2019-12-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Mounier-Kuhn|first=Pierre-Eric|date=1995|title=Le CNETet les débuts de l'informatique (1944-1964)|url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/reso_0751-7971_1995_num_13_70_2673|journal=Réseaux. Communication - Technologie - Société|volume=13|issue=70|pages=173–189|doi=10.3406/reso.1995.2673}}</ref> In particular, it has had various ownership relations with [[General Electric]], [[Honeywell]], and [[NEC]] from the 1960s through the 1980s; and with [[Motorola]], Debeka,  and [[France Télécom]] more recently. It acquired [[Honeywell Information Systems]] in the late 1980s, and later also had a share of [[Zenith Data Systems]] and [[Packard Bell]]. Bull was [[nationalisation|nationalised]] in 1982 and was merged with most of the rest of the French computer industry.<ref name="Mounier-Kuhn89" />

Groupe Bull bought Zenith Electronics in late December 1989. It kept Zenith Data Systems' headquarters and plants in Chicago and St. Joseph, Michigan.<ref name="Groupe Bull in the AP in 1990">{{cite web |url=https://www.apnews.com/d86ebd7cbd0e1550895fdf578afe9a89 |title=Groupe Bull Announces Plans for Zenith Acquisition, New Model |date=January 17, 1990 |website=www.apnews.com }}</ref> In 1993 the French Government initiated the process of privatization,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Riding |first1=Alan |title=COMPANY NEWS; The French To Overhaul Groupe Bull |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/10/19/business/company-news-the-french-to-overhaul-groupe-bull.html |access-date=16 June 2024 |work=The New York Times |date=19 October 1993}}</ref> which was completed in the period 1995-97 when the company was re-[[privatisation|privatised]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Privatisation de Bull : l'action sera vendue entre 34 et 39 francs |url=https://www.lesechos.fr/1997/04/privatisation-de-bull-laction-sera-vendue-entre-34-et-39-francs-812317 |access-date=16 June 2024 |work=Les Echos |date=18 April 1997 |language=fr}}</ref>

In August 2014, the French IT company [[Atos]] announced that it had acquired a controlling stake in Bull SA through a tender offer launched in May.<ref>
{{cite web
|url = http://www.pcworld.com/article/2463600/atos-succeeds-in-bid-to-buy-bull-will-boost-security-and-cloud-offerings.html
|title =  Atos succeeds in bid to buy Bull
|access-date = 2014-10-11
}}
</ref>  Atos announced plans in October, 2014 to buy out or squeeze out the remaining share and bondholders.<ref>
{{cite web
|url = http://www.telecompaper.com/news/atos-to-launch-buyout-of-last-5-of-bull-shares-bonds--1040595
|title =  Atos to launch buyout of last 5% of Bull shares, bonds
|access-date = 2014-10-11
}}
</ref>

Bull launched the Hoox m2, the first integrally secured European smartphone, which in June 2014 was approved for use with data classified as "Restricted Information" ("''Diffusion Restreinte''") by the [[Agence nationale de la sécurité des systèmes d'information]] (ANSSI).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bull.com/hoox-m2-secure-smart-phone-gets-anssi-approval|title=Home - Atos|website=Atos}}</ref> The Hoox range of secure mobiles and smartphones ensures confidentiality of voice, SMS, e-mail and data communication.