Editing Gupta script (section)

==Alphabet==
The Gupta alphabet is composed of 37 letters: 32 consonants with the inherent ending "a" and 5 independent vowels. In addition diacritics are attached to the consonants in order to change the sound of the final vowel (from the inherent "a" to other sounds such as i, u, e, o, au ...). Consonants can also be combined into compounds, also called [[conjunct consonant]]s (for example sa+ya are combined vertically to give "sya").<ref>{{cite book |last1=Fischer |first1=Steven Roger |title=History of Writing |date=2004 |publisher=Reaktion Books |isbn=9781861895882 |page=123 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iYMXnSko5QwC&pg=PT123 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Publishing |first1=Britannica Educational |title=The Culture of India |date=2010 |publisher=Britannica Educational Publishing |isbn=9781615302031 |page=82 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6cabAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA82 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="GU"/>

=== Independent vowels ===
{{multiple image
| align    = right
| caption_align = center
| direction =horizontal
| header=Late Brahmi vowel diacritics
| total_width=500
| image_gap =10
| image1   = Gupta script diacritics.jpg
| caption1 = Gupta script vowel diacritics<br />([[Allahabad pillar|Allahabad]] standard).<ref>{{cite book |title=Das Buch der Schrift: Enthaltend die Schriftzeichen und Alphabete aller ... |date=1880 |publisher=K.K. Hof- und Staatsdruckerei |page=[https://archive.org/details/dasbuchderschri01faulgoog/page/n142 126] |url=https://archive.org/details/dasbuchderschri01faulgoog |language=German}}</ref><ref name="GU">{{cite web |title=Gupta Unicode |url=https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2003/03249r-brahmi-proposal.pdf}}</ref>
| image2   = Gupta diacritics and compounds.jpg
| caption2 = Usage examples<ref name="GU"/>
}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!Letter
!IAST and<br />Sanskrit IPA
!Letter
!IAST and<br />Sanskrit IPA
|-
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |[[File:Gupta allahabad a.svg|24px]]
|{{IAST|a}}&nbsp;{{IPA|/ə/}}
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |[[File:Gupta allahabad aa.svg|24px]]
|{{IAST|ā}}&nbsp;{{IPA|/aː/}}
|-
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |[[File:Gupta allahabad i.svg|24px]]
|{{IAST|i}}&nbsp;{{IPA|/i/}}
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |
|{{IAST|ī}}&nbsp;{{IPA|/iː/}}
|-
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |[[File:Gupta allahabad u.svg|24px]]
|{{IAST|u}}&nbsp;{{IPA|/u/}}
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |
|{{IAST|ū}}&nbsp;{{IPA|/uː/}}
|-
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |[[File:Gupta allahabad e.svg|24px]]
|{{IAST|e}}&nbsp;{{IPA|/eː/}}
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |[[File:Gupta allahabad o.svg|24px]]
|{{IAST|o}}&nbsp;{{IPA|/oː/}}
|-
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |
|{{IAST|ai}}&nbsp;{{IPA|/əi/}}
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |[[File:Gupta allahabad au.svg|24px]]
|{{IAST|au}}&nbsp;{{IPA|/əu/}}
|-
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |{{script|Brah|𑀋}}
|{{IAST|ṛ}}&nbsp;{{IPA|/r̩/}}
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |{{script|Brah|𑀌}}
|{{IAST|ṝ}}&nbsp;{{IPA|/r̩ː/}}
|-
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |{{script|Brah|𑀍}}
|{{IAST|l̩}}&nbsp;{{IPA|/l̩/}}
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |{{script|Brah|𑀎}}
|{{IAST|ḹ}}&nbsp;{{IPA|/l̩ː/}}
|}

=== Consonants ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:95%"
!
! colspan="8" |[[Stop consonant|Stop]]
! colspan="2" |[[Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
! colspan="2" |[[Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
! colspan="4" |[[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
|-
![[Voice (phonetics)|Voicing]] →
| colspan="4" |Voiceless
| colspan="8" style="background:beige;" |Voiced
| colspan="2" |Voiceless
| colspan="2" style="background:beige;" |Voiced
|-
![[Aspiration (phonetics)|Aspiration]] →
| colspan="2" |No
| colspan="2" style="background:beige;" |Yes
| colspan="2" |No
| colspan="2" style="background:beige;" |Yes
| colspan="4" |No
| colspan="4" style="background:beige;" |Yes
|-
![[Velar consonants|Velar]]
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |[[File:Gupta allahabad k.svg|24px]]
|{{IAST|ka}}&nbsp;{{nowrap|{{IPA|/k/}}}}
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |[[File:Gupta allahabad kh.svg|24px]]
|{{IAST|kha}}&nbsp;{{nowrap|{{IPA|/kʰ/}}}}
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |[[File:Gupta allahabad g.svg|24px]]
|{{IAST|ga}}&nbsp;{{nowrap|{{IPA|/g/}}}}
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |[[File:Gupta allahabad gh.svg|24px]]
|{{IAST|gha}}&nbsp;{{nowrap|{{IPA|/ɡʱ/}}}}
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |[[File:Gupta allahabad ng.svg|24px]]
|{{IAST|ṅa}}&nbsp;{{nowrap|{{IPA|/ŋ/}}}}
| colspan="4" |
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |[[File:Gupta allahabad h.svg|24px]]
|{{IAST|ha}}&nbsp;{{nowrap|{{IPA|/ɦ/}}}}
|-
![[Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |[[File:Gupta allahabad c.svg|24px]]
|{{IAST|ca}}&nbsp;{{nowrap|{{IPA|/c/}}}}
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |[[File:Gupta allahabad ch.svg|24px]]
|{{IAST|cha}}&nbsp;{{nowrap|{{IPA|/cʰ/}}}}
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |[[File:Gupta allahabad j.svg|24px]]
|{{IAST|ja}}&nbsp;{{nowrap|{{IPA|/ɟ/}}}}
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |[[File:Gupta ashoka jh.svg|24px]]
|{{IAST|jha}}&nbsp;{{nowrap|{{IPA|/ɟʱ/}}}}
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |[[File:Gupta allahabad ny.svg|24px]]
|{{IAST|ña}}&nbsp;{{nowrap|{{IPA|/ɲ/}}}}
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |[[File:Gupta allahabad y.svg|24px]]
|{{IAST|ya}}&nbsp;{{nowrap|{{IPA|/j/}}}}
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |[[File:Gupta allahabad sh.svg|24px]]
|{{IAST|śa}}&nbsp;{{nowrap|{{IPA|/ɕ/}}}}
| colspan="2" rowspan="4" |
|-
![[Retroflex consonant|Retroflex]]
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |[[File:Gupta allahabad tt.svg|24px]]
|{{IAST|ṭa}}&nbsp;{{nowrap|{{IPA|/ʈ/}}}}
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |[[File:Gupta allahabad tth.svg|24px]]
|{{IAST|ṭha}}&nbsp;{{nowrap|{{IPA|/ʈʰ/}}}}
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |[[File:Gupta allahabad dd.svg|24px]]
|{{IAST|ḍa}}&nbsp;{{nowrap|{{IPA|/ɖ/}}}}
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |[[File:Gupta allahabad ddh.svg|24px]]
|{{IAST|ḍha}}&nbsp;{{nowrap|{{IPA|/ɖʱ/}}}}
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |[[File:Gupta allahabad nn.svg|24px]]
|{{IAST|ṇa}}&nbsp;{{nowrap|{{IPA|/ɳ/}}}}
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |[[File:Gupta allahabad r.svg|24px]]
|{{IAST|ra}}&nbsp;{{nowrap|{{IPA|/r/}}}}
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |[[File:Gupta allahabad ss.svg|24px]]
|{{IAST|ṣa}}&nbsp;{{nowrap|{{IPA|/ʂ/}}}}
|-
![[Dental consonant|Dental]]
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |[[File:Gupta allahabad t.svg|24px]]
|{{IAST|ta}}&nbsp;{{nowrap|{{IPA|/t̪/}}}}
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |[[File:Gupta allahabad th.svg|24px]]
|{{IAST|tha}}&nbsp;{{nowrap|{{IPA|/t̪ʰ/}}}}
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |[[File:Gupta allahabad d.svg|24px]]
|{{IAST|da}}&nbsp;{{nowrap|{{IPA|/d̪/}}}}
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |[[File:Gupta allahabad dh.svg|24px]]
|{{IAST|dha}}&nbsp;{{nowrap|{{IPA|/d̪ʱ/}}}}
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |[[File:Gupta allahabad n.svg|24px]]
|{{IAST|na}}&nbsp;{{nowrap|{{IPA|/n/}}}}
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |[[File:Gupta allahabad l.svg|24px]]
|{{IAST|la}}&nbsp;{{nowrap|{{IPA|/l/}}}}
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |[[File:Gupta allahabad s.svg|24px]]
|{{IAST|sa}}&nbsp;{{nowrap|{{IPA|/s/}}}}
|-
![[Labial consonant|Labial]]
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |[[File:Gupta allahabad p.svg|24px]]
|{{IAST|pa}}&nbsp;{{nowrap|{{IPA|/p/}}}}
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |[[File:Gupta allahabad ph.svg|24px]]
|{{IAST|pha}}&nbsp;{{nowrap|{{IPA|/pʰ/}}}}
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |[[File:Gupta allahabad b.svg|24px]]
|{{IAST|ba}}&nbsp;{{nowrap|{{IPA|/b/}}}}
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |[[File:Gupta allahabad bh.svg|24px]]
|{{IAST|bha}}&nbsp;{{nowrap|{{IPA|/bʱ/}}}}
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |[[File:Gupta allahabad m.svg|24px]]
|{{IAST|ma}}&nbsp;{{nowrap|{{IPA|/m/}}}}
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |[[File:Gupta allahabad v.svg|24px]]
|{{IAST|va}}&nbsp;{{nowrap|{{IPA|/w, ʋ/}}}}
| colspan="2" |
|}

=== In Unicode ===

The Unicode Standard does not explicitly state that the Gupta script is considered a stylistic variation of Brahmi,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Unicode Consortium |year=2022 |title=The Unicode® Standard Version 15.0 – Core Specification |url=https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode15.0.0/ch14.pdf |website=Unicode Consortium website}}</ref> though use of the Brahmi encoding is one approach. 

{{Unicode chart Brahmi}}