Editing Halaib Triangle (section)

=== Colonial origins ===
[[File:Map of the Hala'ib Triangle and Bir Tawil in 1912.png|alt=|left|325px|thumb|Map of the Halaib Triangle and Bir Tawil from 1912]]
[[Image:Eg-map.png|250px|thumb|right|The Halaib Triangle has been under Egyptian administration since mid-1990. This map is colored from the Sudanese perspective]]
[[Image:Su-map.png|250px|thumb|right|Although this map of Sudan depicts the Halaib Triangle as part of the country, Sudan does not exercise its jurisdiction over the area]]
[[File:Egypt Sudan claims.svg|thumb|upright|Simplified map showing Egypt's claim (yellow and green), Sudan's claim (blue and green), the Halaib Triangle (light green), Wadi Halfa Salient (dark green) and Bir Tawil (white)]]

On 19 January 1899, an agreement between the UK and Egypt relating to the administration of the Sudan defined "Soudan" as the "territories south of the 22nd parallel of latitude".<ref name="boundary study">{{Cite web |date=27 July 1962 |title=International Boundary Study: Sudan – Egypt (United Arab Republic) Boundary |url=https://library.law.fsu.edu/Digital-Collections/LimitsinSeas/pdf/ibs018.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140113231654/http://www.law.fsu.edu/library/collection/limitsinseas/ibs018.pdf |archive-date=13 January 2014 |access-date=2019-05-28 |website=Bureau of Intelligence and Research |publisher=[[Florida State University]] |pages=2–3}}</ref> It contained a provision that would give Egypt control of the Red Sea port of [[Suakin]], but an amendment on 10 July 1899 gave Suakin to Sudan instead.<ref name="boundary study" /> On 4 November 1902, the UK drew a separate "administrative boundary", intended to reflect the actual use of the land by the tribes in the region.<ref name="boundary study" />

The 1902 border assigned administration of the territory of the [[Ababda people|Ababda tribe]] south of the 22-degree latitude line to Egypt, and gave to Sudan the grazing land of the [[Beja people|Beja]] tribe north of the line to administer.{{Citation needed|date=September 2012}} The Sudan-administered territory comprised about 18,000&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> (7000 sq. mi.), including the towns of Halaib and [[Abu Ramad]]. When Sudan became independent in 1956, Egypt regarded the latitude 22° territorial boundary of 1899 as the border between the two countries, while Sudan held to the 1902 administrative boundary. As a result, both Egypt and Sudan claim sovereignty over the territory.<ref name="parting">{{Cite book |last1=Dzurek |first1=Daniel J. |author-link=Daniel Dzurek |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k3B7KEAwookC&q=Hala%27ib+triangle |title=Parting the Red Sea: boundaries, offshore resources and transit |last2=Schofield |first2=Clive H. |publisher=International Boundaries Research Unit, Univ. of Durham |year=2001 |isbn=978-1-897643-46-4 |series=Maritime briefing |volume=3 |location=Durham |page=4 |issue=2}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Guo |first=Rongxing |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z5Le627xQLgC |title=Territorial disputes and resource management: a global handbook |date=2006 |publisher=Nova Science Pub Inc |isbn=978-1-60021-445-5 |location=New York |pages=132–133 |oclc=148587195}}</ref>  Conversely, the area south of the line which had been administered by Egypt, [[Bir Tawil]], is a ''[[terra nullius]]'', claimed by neither country.