Editing Hammer and sickle (section)

=== Inception ===
In 1918, [[Yevgeny Ivanovich Kamzolkin]] proposed a 'hammer and sickle' symbol as a decoration for the [[May Day]] celebrations in the [[Zamoskvorechye District]] of [[Moscow]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://artru.info/ar/7491/ |title=АртРу.инфо - Художники - Камзолкин Евгений Иванович |website=Artru.info |date=1957-03-18 |access-date=2017-01-02 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304205221/http://artru.info/ar/7491/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title =  International Gallery of Contemporary Artists |url=http://www.picture-russia.com/en/painter/582|date= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816163416/http://www.picture-russia.com/en/painter/582|access-date= 2015-11-06|archive-date=16 August 2016}}</ref> It originally featured a sword, but Lenin strongly objected, disliking the militaristic connotations.<ref name="HS Role and Symbolism">{{cite web |last1=Wharton |first1=Christopher |title=The Hammer and Sickle: The Role of Symbolism and Rituals in the Russian Revolution |url=https://www.westminstercollege.edu/myriad/?parent=2514&detail=4475&content=4797 |website=The Myriad: Westminster's Interactive Academic Journal |access-date=1 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810032536/https://www.westminstercollege.edu/myriad/?parent=2514&detail=4475&content=4797 |archive-date=10 August 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Stites |first1=Richard |editor1-last=Acton |editor1-first=Edward |editor2-last=Cherniaev |editor2-first=Vladimir Iu. |editor3-last=Rosenberg |editor3-first=William G. |title=Critical companion to the Russian Revolution, 1914-1921 |date=1997 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-33333-9 |pages=568–569 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/criticalcompanio0000unse/page/568/mode/2up?q=sword |chapter=The Role of Ritual and Symbols}}</ref> On 6 July 1923, the 2nd session of the [[Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union|Central Executive Committee]] (CIK) adopted the emblem.<ref name="HS Role and Symbolism"/>{{Failed verification|date=September 2023}}

In 1919, the new [[First Austrian Republic|Republic of Austria]] introduced a sickle and a hammer to [[Coat of arms of Austria|its coat of arms]], one in each talon of its supporting eagle, to represent the farming and industrial classes. They were removed in 1934 with the establishment of the Fascist [[Federal State of Austria]] and returned in 1945 after the defeat of [[Nazi Germany]] (which had [[Anschluss|absorbed Austria]] in 1938) in the Second World War.

In his work, ''Daily Life in a Crumbling Empire: The Absorption of Russia into the World Economy'', sociologist David Lempert hypothesizes that the hammer and sickle was a secular replacement for the [[patriarchal cross]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lempert |first=David |title=Daily Life in a Crumbling Empire: The Absorption of Russia into the World Economy |date=1996 |publisher=Columbia University Press/ Eastern European Monographs |isbn=0-880-33341-3}}</ref><ref name="Crangan">{{cite news |last1=Crangan |first1=Costel |trans-title=Where does the symbol "sickle and hammer" come from? Which country used it first and in which states it is forbidden |title=De unde vine simbolul "secera şi ciocanul". Ce ţară l-a folosit prima şi în ce state este interzis  |url=https://adevarul.ro/locale/galati/de-vine-simbolul-secera-ciocanul-tara-l-a-folosit-state-interzis-1_5b891e14df52022f75fe1d8f/index.html |publisher=Adevarul Holding |date=2018-09-01 |language=ro}}</ref>