Editing Heliostat (section)

==Design==
Heliostat costs represent 30-50% of the initial capital investment for solar power tower power plants depending on the energy policy and economic framework in the location country.<ref name=Materials>{{Cite journal| first1 = R.| first2 = J.| title = Materials issues in solar thermal energy systems| last1 = Mar| journal = Solar Energy Materials| volume = 5| pages = 37–41| year = 1981| doi = 10.1016/0165-1633(81)90057-5| last2 =  Swearengen| bibcode = 1981SoEnM...5...37M}}</ref><ref name=CRSsystems>{{Cite journal| first1 = J. I.| first2 = J. I.| first3 = F. L. M.| title = Central Receiver System Solar Power Plant Using Molten Salt as Heat Transfer Fluid| last1 = Ortega| journal = Journal of Solar Energy Engineering| volume = 130| issue = 2| pages = 024501–024506| year = 2008| doi = 10.1115/1.2807210| last2 = Burgaleta| last3 = Téllez}}</ref> It is of interest to design less expensive heliostats for large-scale manufacturing, so that solar power tower power plants may produce electricity at costs more competitive to conventional coal or [[nuclear power]] plants costs.{{Cn|date=March 2025}}

Besides cost, percent solar reflectivity (i.e. [[albedo]]) and environmental durability are factors that should be considered when comparing heliostat designs.{{Cn|date=March 2025}}
[[File:A Heliostat and External receiver.jpg|thumb]]
One way that engineers and researchers are attempting to lower the costs of heliostats is by replacing the conventional heliostat design with one that uses fewer, lighter materials. A conventional design for the heliostat's reflective components utilizes a second surface mirror. The sandwich-like mirror structure generally consists of a steel structural support, an adhesive layer, a protective copper layer, a layer of reflective silver, and a top protective layer of thick glass.<ref name=Materials/> This conventional heliostat is often referred to as a glass/metal heliostat. Alternative designs incorporate recent adhesive, composite, and thin film research to bring about materials costs and weight reduction. Some examples of alternative reflector designs are silvered polymer reflectors, glass fiber reinforced polyester sandwiches (GFRPS), and aluminized reflectors.<ref name=Candidate>{{Cite journal| first1 = C. E.| first2 = K.| title = Optical Durability of Candidate Solar Reflectors| last1 = Kennedy| journal = Journal of Solar Energy Engineering| volume = 127| issue = 2| pages = 262–268| year = 2005| doi = 10.1115/1.1861926| last2 = Terwilliger}}</ref> Problems with these more recent designs include delamination of the protective coatings, reduction in percent solar reflectivity over long periods of sun exposure, and high manufacturing costs.{{Cn|date=March 2025}}