Editing High-throughput screening (section)

==Automation systems==
[[File:Assay plate carousel.jpg|thumb|A carousel system to store assay plates for high storage capacity and high speed access]]
[[Automation]] is an essential element in HTS's usefulness. Typically, an integrated [[robot]] system consisting of one or more robots transports assay-microplates from station to station for sample and reagent addition, mixing, incubation, and finally readout or detection. An HTS system can usually prepare, incubate, and analyze many plates simultaneously, further speeding the data-collection process. HTS robots that can test up to 100,000 compounds per day currently exist.<ref name="pmid15183323">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hann MM, Oprea TI |title=Pursuing the leadlikeness concept in pharmaceutical research |journal=Curr Opin Chem Biol |volume=8 |issue=3 |pages=255–63 |date=June 2004 |pmid=15183323 |doi=10.1016/j.cbpa.2004.04.003 |url=https://zenodo.org/record/896094}}</ref><ref name="caraus974">{{Cite journal|last1=Caraus|first1=I.|last2=Alsuwailem|first2=A. A.|last3=Nadon|first3=R.|last4=Makarenkov|first4=V.|date=2015-11-01|title=Detecting and overcoming systematic bias in high-throughput screening technologies: a comprehensive review of practical issues and methodological solutions|url=https://academic.oup.com/bib/article/16/6/974/225604/Detecting-and-overcoming-systematic-bias-in-high|journal=Briefings in Bioinformatics|language=en|volume=16|issue=6|pages=974–986|doi=10.1093/bib/bbv004|pmid=25750417|issn=1467-5463|doi-access=free}}</ref> [[Colony Picker|Automatic colony pickers]] pick thousands of microbial colonies for high throughput genetic screening.<ref name="HeddleMazaleyrat2007">{{cite journal|last1=Heddle|first1=C.|last2=Mazaleyrat|first2=S. L.|title=Development of a screening platform for directed evolution using the reef coral fluorescent protein ZsGreen as a solubility reporter|journal=Protein Engineering Design and Selection|volume=20|issue=7|year=2007|pages=327–337|issn=1741-0126|doi=10.1093/protein/gzm024|pmid=17584755|doi-access=free}}</ref> The term uHTS or ''ultra-high-throughput screening'' refers (circa 2008) to screening in excess of 100,000 compounds per day.<ref name="MichaelAuld2008">{{cite journal|last1=Michael|first1=Sam|last2=Auld|first2=Douglas|last3=Klumpp|first3=Carleen|last4=Jadhav|first4=Ajit|last5=Zheng|first5=Wei|last6=Thorne|first6=Natasha|last7=Austin|first7=Christopher P.|last8=Inglese|first8=James|last9=Simeonov|first9=Anton|title=A Robotic Platform for Quantitative High-Throughput Screening|journal=ASSAY and Drug Development Technologies|volume=6|issue=5|year=2008|pages=637–657|issn=1540-658X|doi=10.1089/adt.2008.150|pmid=19035846|pmc=2651822}}</ref>