Editing Higher Life movement (section)

==Critiques==
Denominations aligned with the Keswickian higher life movement, such as the [[Christian and Missionary Alliance]], differ from the [[Holiness movement|Wesleyan-Holiness movement]] in that the Keswickian higher life movement does not see [[entire sanctification]] as cleansing one from [[original sin]], whereas adherents in churches espousing [[Wesleyan-Arminian theology]] affirm this teaching of [[John Wesley]].<ref>{{cite web |title=The Radical Holiness Movement and The Christian and Missionary Alliance: Twins, perhaps, but not Identical |url=https://www.bavdw.com/index.php/papers-presentations/fourfold-gospel-papers/15-the-radical-holiness-movement-and-the-christian-and-missionary-alliance-twins-perhaps-but-not-identical#_ftnref11 |publisher=Bernie A. Van De Walle |access-date=30 September 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Wu2012"/> While Wesleyan-Holiness theology is taught in the Methodist tradition that is inherently Arminian, Keswickian theology flourishes among other evangelicals.<ref name="Sawyer2004">{{cite web |last1=Sawyer |first1=M. J. |title=Wesleyan and Keswick Models of Sanctification |url=https://bible.org/article/wesleyan-amp-keswick-models-sanctification |publisher=Bible.org |access-date=30 September 2020 |language=en |date=25 May 2004 |quote=With Keswick one finds a different situation than with the Holiness Movement. Whereas Wesleyan holiness theology is traceable directly to Wesley and has clearly identifiable tenets, Keswick is much more amorphous and comes in many varieties from the strict Keswick of a Major Ian Thomas, John Hunter, Alan Redpath and the Torchbearers fellowship to the milder Keswick of [[Campus Crusade For Christ]] and [[Moody Bible Institute]] and other respected Evangelical educational institutions. Whereas Holiness theology has tended to dominate in Arminian circles, Keswick has tended to dominate American Evangelicalism of a more Calvinistic bent. Indeed Packer asserts that it has become standard in virtually all of Evangelicalism except confessional Reformed and Lutheran.}}</ref>

However, Keswick doctrine has been sharply criticized as a disguised form of [[entire sanctification]] (or "perfectionism") by other Christian traditions, particularly historical [[Calvinism]] and Presbyterianism. Princeton theologian [[Benjamin Breckinridge Warfield|B.B. Warfield]] wrote a trenchant attack on the Keswick and Higher Life movement in his two-volume work [http://faithsaves.net/studies-in-perfectionism/ ''Studies in Perfectionism''], specifically in his articles [http://faithsaves.net/higher-life-movement/ "The Higher Life Movement"] and [http://faithsaves.net/victorious-life/ "The Victorious Life."]  W. H. Griffith Thomas responded to Warfield and defended the Higher Life movement in two articles in the journal ''Bibliotheca Sacra.''<ref>[http://faithsaves.net/keswick-critics/ Chapter, "Do Keswick Critics Routinely Misrepresent Keswick Theology?"] in [http://faithsaves.net/soteriology/ The Doctrine of Sanctification:  An Exegetical Examination, with Application, in Biblical, Historic Baptist Perspective, Thomas Ross, Ph. D. diss., Great Plains Baptist Divinity School, 2016]</ref>  Another early opponent of Keswick was [[J. C. Ryle]], who set forth the classic Protestant doctrine of sanctification in his book ''Holiness'' as an alternative to Keswick. More modern defenders of Keswick theology include J. Robertson McQuilkin in the book ''Five Views of Sanctification'',<ref>Five Views of Sanctification. Melvin E. Dieter, Anthony A. Hoekema, Stanley M Horton, J. Robertson McQuilkin & John F. Walvoord, authors; Stanley N. Gundry, series ed. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1987.</ref> as well as John R. VanGelderen.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://indefenseofthegospel.blogspot.com/2010/07/keswick-good-word-or-bad-one-evangelist.html|title=Keswick: A Good Word or a Bad One? Evangelist John van Gelderen}}</ref>  Modern Reformed criticism of Keswick has come from [[J. I. Packer]], as well as from Andrew Naselli, who critiqued Keswick in his doctoral dissertation on the subject.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://andynaselli.com/keswick-theology|title=Keswick Theology|date=24 March 2008}}</ref>  Charismatic and Pentecostal authors may critique the Higher Life movement also as not going far enough, but Pentecostal scholars<ref>[http://pneumareview.com/peter-althouse-wesleyan-and-reformed-impulses-in-the-keswick-and-pentecostal-movements/ “Wesleyan and Reformed Impulses in the Keswick and Pentecostal Movements,” Peter Althouse]. Pneuma Foundation,</ref> recognize and appreciate the groundwork laid by Higher Life advocacy of the continuation of the gifts of healing and miracle-working for the rise of the Pentecostal movement.<ref>[http://faithsaves.net/keswick-anti-cessationism/ Chapter, "Keswick Theology and Continuationism or Anti-Cessationism: Vignettes of Certain Important Advocates of Keswick or Higher Life Theology and their Beliefs Concerning Spiritual Gifts and Other Matters: William Boardman, Andrew Murray, Frederick B. Meyer, Evan Roberts and Jessie Penn-Lewis, A. B. Simpson, John A. MacMillan, and Watchman Nee,"] in [http://faithsaves.net/soteriology/ The Doctrine of Sanctification:  An Exegetical Examination, with Application, in Biblical, Historic Baptist Perspective, Thomas Ross, Ph. D. diss., Great Plains Baptist Divinity School, 2016]</ref>