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Hmu language
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===Wang (1985)=== Wang Fushi (1985)<ref name="jianzhi">{{Cite book |title=Miáoyǔ jiǎnzhì |date=1985 |publisher=Minzu chubanshe |editor-last=Wang |editor-first=Fushi 王辅世 |location=Beijing |language=zh |script-title=zh:苗语简志 |trans-title=Miao Language Brief History}}</ref> groups the Qiandong Miao languages as follows. *'''Northern''': 1,000,000 speakers in Kaili, Majiang, Nandan, Longlin, Leishan, Taijiang, Huangping, Jianhe, Zhenyuan, Sansui, Shibing, Sandu, Fuquan, Pingba, Zhenning, Xingren, Zhenfeng, Anlong, Wangmo, etc. *'''Eastern''': 250,000 speakers in Jinping, Liping, Jianhe, Jingzhou, Tongdao, Huitong, etc. *'''Southern''': 350,000 speakers in Rongjiang, Congjiang, Nandan, Sandu, Rongshui, Sanjiang, etc. Includes [[Ná-Meo language|Na Meo]] of northern Vietnam.<ref name="Hsiu2015">{{Cite conference |last=Hsiu |first=Andrew |date=2015 |title=The Classification of Na Meo, a Hmong-Mien Language of Vietnam |url=https://www.academia.edu/12557883 |conference=Paper presented at SEALS 25, Chiang Mai, Thailand |language=en |via=Academia.edu}}</ref> *'''Western''' ([[Raojia language|Raojia]]): 15,000 speakers in Heba of Majiang, Mianluo of Duyun, Sandu, Rongjiang, parts of Nandan
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