Editing Hoboken Terminal (section)

=== 20th century ===
The facility that was in the place of the Hoboken Terminal caught fire and burned down in 1905 after the ''Hopatcong'', a ferry docked at the terminal, caught fire at midnight, which spread to the original facility. The [[Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad]] decided to build another large terminal since they had more than enough funds. The new facility was planned by [[William Truesdale]], who worked to modernize the DL&W railroad.<ref name=AmericanRails /><ref>{{cite news |title=LACKAWANNA'S NEW FERRY HOUSE BURNED; Jersey Central Terminal Follows in Spectacular Blaze. BUILDINGS COST $1,500,000 A Panic Narrowly Averted When the Fire Was Discovered -- Service to be Restored To-day |id={{ProQuest|96524477}} |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1905/12/21/archives/lackawannas-new-ferry-house-burned-jersey-central-terminal-follows.html |work=The New York Times |date=21 December 1905 }}</ref> The rail and ferry [[station building|terminal buildings]] were constructed in 1907 by the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad.<ref name="NJ/NRHP">{{cite web|url=http://www.state.nj.us/dep/hpo/1identify/nrsr.htm|title=NJ/NRHP|website=state.nj.us|access-date=2023-04-04|publisher=[[New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection]]}}</ref><ref name=nyt-2016-10-01>{{cite news|last1=Barron|first1=James|author-link=James Barron (journalist)|title=Hoboken Terminal, With Flair and Grandeur, Is a Survivor|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/01/nyregion/hoboken-terminal-with-flair-and-grandeur-is-a-survivor.html|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=September 30, 2016|access-date=2023-02-12}}</ref>

The following year, the railroad opened the second parallel tunnel. Both tunnels are still used by NJ Transit.<ref name="French">{{cite book |last=French |first=Kenneth |title=Railroads of Hoboken and Jersey City |series=Images of Rail |year=2002 |publisher=Arcadia Publishing |location=Charleston, South Carolina |isbn=978-0-7385-0966-2 |page=125}}</ref> The tubes of the [[Hudson and Manhattan Railroad]], forerunner of PATH, were extended to Hoboken Terminal upon its opening. The first revenue train on the new line ran from the terminal on February 26, 1908.<ref name="nyt-1908-02-26">{{cite news |title=TROLLEY TUNNEL OPEN TO JERSEY; President Turns On Power for First Official Train Between This City and Hoboken. REGULAR SERVICE STARTS Passenger Trains Between the Two Cities Begin Running at Midnight. EXERCISES OVER THE RIVER Govs. Hughes and Fort Make Congratulatory Addresses -- Dinner at Sherry's in the Evening |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1908/02/26/archives/trolley-tunnel-open-to-jersey-president-turns-on-power-for-first.html |work=The New York Times |date=26 February 1908 |quote=The natural barrier which has separated New York from New Jersey since those States came into existence was, figuratively speaking, wiped away at 3:40½ o'clock yesterday afternoon when the first of the two twin tubes of the McAdoo tunnel system was formally opened, thus linking Manhattan with Hoboken, and establishing a rapid transit service beneath the Hudson River.}}</ref>
[[File:Hoboken Terminal Construction 1907.jpg|thumb|left|Hoboken Terminal under construction, 1907]]
In 1930, [[Thomas Edison]] was at the controls for the first departure of a regular-service [[electric multiple unit]] train from Hoboken Terminal to [[Montclair, New Jersey|Montclair]]. One of the first installations of central [[air-conditioning]] in a public space was at the station, as was the first non-experimental use of [[mobile phone]]s.<ref name="turn100">{{cite web|date=2007|title=1907-2007: 100 Years – Hoboken Terminal|url=http://www.njtransit.com/pdf/nn_EnRouteSpclEdtn.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151031172916/http://www.njtransit.com/pdf/nn_EnRouteSpclEdtn.pdf|archive-date=October 31, 2015|access-date=February 6, 2011|publisher=NJ Transit}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Cool Is a State of Mind (and Relief) |first=Tammy |last=La Gorce|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=950CE2DD113FF930A15756C0A9629C8B63 |newspaper=The New York Times |date=May 23, 2004 |access-date=April 10, 2008 |quote=Several decades later, the Hoboken Terminal distinguished itself as the nation's first centrally air-conditioned public space.}}</ref>

In 1914, George A. Cullen, the Passenger Traffic Manager for the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad, stated that Hoboken Terminal handled more than 17 million railroad passengers and 18 million additional ferry passengers.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Cullen |first1=George a |title=THE HOBOKEN TERMINAL.; More Than 35,000,000 Passengers Use It Each Year |id={{ProQuest|97638947}} |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1914/05/09/archives/the-hoboken-terminal-more-than-35000000-passengers-use-it-each-year.html |work=The New York Times |date=9 May 1914 }}</ref>

In 1942, the clock tower of the terminal was removed to reclaim the copper to use in World War II. After the war, Hoboken suffered another blow when automobile and air travel rose to prominence at the expense of the railroads. Amtrak started operating in 1971, and by then intercity services by the then [[Erie Lackawanna Railway|merged Erie and DL&W]] railroads stopped operating out of Hoboken. The final train between Hoboken and Chicago departed the night of January 5, 1970, and arrived on January 6 in Chicago's [[Dearborn Station]].<ref name=AmericanRails>{{cite web |last1=Burns |first1=Adam |title=Hoboken Terminal |url=https://www.american-rails.com/hoboken.html |website=american-rails.com |access-date=21 February 2023}}</ref>

Despite the difficulties of the railroad industry, which culminated in bankruptcy for many railroads through the 1970s, the terminal has always been an essential link for New York-bound commuters, which saved it from the threat of demolition. The popular disapproval of the razing of the nearby [[Pennsylvania Station (1910–1963)|Pennsylvania Station]] in 1963,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Tolchin |first1=Martin |title=Demolition Starts At Penn Station; Architects Picket; Penn Station Demolition Begun; 6 Architects Call Act a 'Shame' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1963/10/29/archives/demolition-starts-at-penn-station-architects-picket-penn-station.html |work=The New York Times |date=29 October 1963 }}</ref> (and its replacement by [[Madison Square Garden]] and a new [[Pennsylvania Station (New York City)|Penn Station]] below ground level)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hailey |first1=Foster |title='62 START IS SET FOR NEW GARDEN; Penn Station to Be Razed to Street Level in Project |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1961/07/27/archives/62-start-is-set-for-new-garden-penn-station-to-be-razed-to-street.html |work=The New York Times |date=27 July 1961 }}</ref> may have also helped Hoboken Terminal's survival.<ref name=AmericanRails />

Numerous [[streetcar]] [[List of Public Service Railway lines|lines]] (eventually owned and operated by the [[Public Service Railway]]), including the [[North Hudson County Railway|Hoboken Inclined Cable Railway]], originated and terminated at the station until [[bustitution]] was completed on August 7, 1949.<ref name="French" />

At the peak of intercity rail service, five passenger terminals were operated by competing railroad companies along the [[Hudson Waterfront]]. Of the five, Hoboken Terminal is the only one still in active use. Those at [[Weehawken Terminal|Weehawken]] ([[New York Central]]), [[Pavonia Terminal|Pavonia]] ([[Erie Railroad]]), and [[Exchange Place (PRR station)|Exchange Place]] ([[Pennsylvania Railroad]]) were demolished in the 1960s, while the [[Central Railroad of New Jersey Terminal|one in Jersey City]] ([[Central Railroad of New Jersey]]) was partially restored and is now part of [[Liberty State Park]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Schliching |first1=Kurt |title=Grand Central's Engineer: William J. Wilgus and the Planning of Modern Manhattan |date=May 2012 |publisher=Johns Hopkins University |isbn=9781421406954 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/book/13505 |access-date=21 May 2023}}</ref>

In October 1956, four years before its merger with the DL&W to form the [[Erie Lackawanna Railway]], the Erie Railroad began to shift its trains from Pavonia Terminal to Hoboken. The final Erie trains to be moved to Hoboken, in 1959, were from the [[Northern Branch]]. In October 1965, on former Erie routes, there were five trains each weekday to Wanaque/Midvale on the Greenwood Lake branch, three to Nyack on the Northern Branch, three to Waldwick via the [[Newark Branch]], two to Essex Fells on its [[Caldwell Branch]], two to [[Carlton Hill (Erie Railroad station)|Carlton Hill]] on the former Erie Main Line, and one to Newton on the [[Sussex Branch]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kinglyheirs.com/AbandonedRR/ErieLackawanna.html#ErieLackawanna |title=The Erie and the DL&W Were Merged in 1960 |access-date=May 30, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100330041614/http://www.kinglyheirs.com/AbandonedRR/ErieLackawanna.html#ErieLackawanna |archive-date=March 30, 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://members.tripod.com/generaljim1-ivil/theerielackawannalimited/id14.html |title=Erie Lackwanna Railroad and Predecessors |access-date=May 30, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20080610055224/http://members.tripod.com/generaljim1-ivil/theerielackawannalimited/id14.html |archive-date=June 10, 2008 }}</ref> All those trains were dropped in 1966.<ref>{{cite news |id={{ProQuest|117524427}} |title=TRANSPORT NEWS: TRAIN SERVICE CUT; Lackawanna's Commuters Face Halt on 7 Lines |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1966/09/17/archives/transport-news-train-service-cut-lackawannas-commuters-face-halt-on.html |work=The New York Times |date=17 September 1966 }}</ref>
[[File:EL 3319 November 1978 (22348670758).jpg|thumb|left|An Erie Lackawanna commuter train arriving at Hoboken in November 1978]]
Ferry service from the terminal to lower Manhattan ended on November 22, 1967,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.worldshipny.com/elferry.shtml |title="November 1967 ~ The End of Trans-Cross Hudson Ferry Service, by Theodore W. Scull (World Ship Society) |access-date=March 11, 2018 |archive-date=January 13, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190113062950/http://www.worldshipny.com/elferry.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref> due to declining ridership and revenues.<ref name=nyt-1967-11-15>{{cite news |author=Walter H. Waggoner |title=FERRY TO HOBOKEN WILL STOP NOV. 22; Erie Railroad Cites Deficits and Drop in Patronage Two Boats Are Involved |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1967/11/15/archives/ferry-to-hoboken-will-stop-nov-22-erie-railroad-cites-deficits-and.html |work=The New York Times |date=15 November 1967 }}</ref> It resumed in 1989 on the south side of the terminal and moved back to the restored ferry slips inside the historic terminal on December 7, 2011.<ref name="myfox">{{cite news |work=Fox New York |url=http://www.myfoxny.com/dpp/news/hoboken-ferry-terminal-reopens-20111207-apx |title=Hoboken Ferry Terminal Reopens |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120124144850/http://www.myfoxny.com/dpp/news/hoboken-ferry-terminal-reopens-20111207-apx |archive-date=January 24, 2012 |date=December 7, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=December 7, 2011|title=Restored Hoboken Ferry Terminal Opens|url=https://newyork.cbslocal.com/2011/12/07/restored-hoboken-ferry-terminal-opens/|access-date=July 4, 2020|website=[[CBS New York]]}}</ref>

In 1973, the terminal building was added to the [[New Jersey Register of Historic Places]]<ref name="NJ/NRHP" /> and the [[National Register of Historic Places]].<ref>[http://www.nationalregisterofhistoricplaces.com/NJ/Hudson/state.html "New Jersey – Hudson County"]. [[National Register of Historic Places]]. Accessed June 13, 2007.</ref> The PATH station's platforms were lengthened in 1987 to allow the station to accommodate eight-car trains.<ref>{{Cite news|date=1987-06-25|title='Longer' Waiting for PATH Riders|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-jersey-journal-longer-waiting-for/161330678/|access-date=2024-12-21|work=The Jersey Journal|pages=53}}</ref>

In 1990, the New Jersey Historic Preservation Bond Program gave a [[Grant (money)|grant]] of $400,000 towards repairs and restoration of the Terminal. In 1991, another grant of $300,000 was given. The money was used towards repairing the ferry terminal's roof and [[clerestory]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Hoboken Terminal |url=https://www.nj.gov/dca/njht/funded/sitedetails/hoboken_terminal.shtml |website=nj.gov |access-date=27 February 2023}}</ref>

In 1999, the [[New Jersey Devils]]' proposed to build an arena atop the Hoboken Terminal, which would be on the Hudson waterfront. The proposal never went through.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Smothers |first1=Ronald |title=Devils Owner Offers Plan For Arena In Hoboken |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/03/12/nyregion/devils-owner-offers-plan-for-arena-in-hoboken.html |website=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=29 June 2023 |date=12 March 1999}}</ref>