Editing Homemaking (section)

=== 20th century ===
The 20th century began with similar homemaking roles as the 19th; however, the century concluded with a much different perception. In the late 1990s, [[marriage]] consisted in most cases of both wife and husband participating in homemaking. Darlene Piña and Vern Bengtson who are [[anthropologist]]s and professors at the [[University of Southern California]], extensively researched marriage dynamics and household labor in the late twentieth century. They concluded that "all wives benefit equally by their husbands' greater involvement in household labor."<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Piña|first1=Darlene L.|last2=Bengtson|first2=Vern L.|date=1993|title=The Division of Household Labor and Wives' Happiness: Ideology, Employment, and Perceptions of Support|journal=Journal of Marriage and Family|volume=55|issue=4|pages=901–912|doi=10.2307/352771|issn=0022-2445|jstor=352771}}</ref> The division of labor within the home promotes a healthy relationship between husband and wife. Concluding, that likelihood of increased happiness within marriage is vastly improved when homemaking is shared with the husband. West and Zimmerman, concluded an analysis of over 487 couples and found that "women were rewarded for performing feminine behaviors, such as housework, whereas men receive positive reinforcement for engaging in masculine tasks, such as breadwinning."<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|title=Mattering and wives' perceived fairness of the division of household labor|issue=6|pages=976–986|journal=Social Science Research|volume=39|doi=10.1016/j.ssresearch.2010.04.004|date=November 2010|last1=Kawamura|first1=Sayaka|last2=Brown|first2=Susan L.}}</ref>

In contrast, a study performed by [[Adam Hochschild|Hochschild]] in 1989, concluded that even when wives contributed more than 50% of the household income they often still performed more household labor than their husbands. Hochschild's study directly debunked the previous theory that women performed housework because they contributed significantly less to household income. Instead, the results of the study indicated that even in marriage dynamics where women contributed more than half of the [[household income]], they still completed the vast majority of homemaking tasks.

Married women who are economically and emotionally dependent on their husbands are less likely to report the division of [[household]] labor as unfair. This significant group of married women felt that household labor reinforced their female gender identity and connection to femininity.{{citation needed|date=May 2019}}