Editing Horsecar (section)

=== Canada ===
In 1861, [[Toronto Street Railway]] horsecars replaced horse-drawn omnibuses as a public transit mode in [[Toronto]]. Electric streetcars later replaced the horsecars between 1892 and 1894. The Toronto Street Railway created Toronto's unique broad gauge of {{RailGauge|toronto}}. The streets were unpaved, and a [[Plateway#Combined plate and rail|step rail]] was employed.  The horsecars had flanged wheels and ran on the upper level of the step.  Ordinary wagons and carriages ran on the broad lower step inside.  This necessitated a wider gauge. This broad [[Toronto gauge]] is still used today by the [[Toronto streetcar system]] and three lines of the [[Toronto subway]].<ref name="Filey">
{{cite book|title=Not a One Horse Town | author-link = Mike Filey | first = Mike | last = Filey | isbn = 0-9691501-1-3 | location = [[North York|North York, Ontario]] | publisher = [[Firefly Books]] | year = 1986 |page=unpaged }}</ref> The [[Metropolitan Street Railway (Toronto)|Metropolitan Street Railway]] operated a horsecar line in then-suburban [[North Toronto]] from 1885 until the line was electrified in 1890; this horsecar line also used Toronto gauge.<ref name=RTR1>
{{cite book
| url         = http://www.torontopubliclibrary.ca/detail.jsp?Entt=RDM255028&R=255028
| title       = Riding the Radials, Toronto's Suburban Electric Streetcar Lines
| author      = Robert M. Stamp
| publisher   = The Boston Mills Press
| year        = 1989
| access-date  = 2016-04-16
| isbn        = 1-55046-008-0
| quote       = Chapter 1 - The Spinal Cord of Yonge Street
}}</ref>

There were a number of horse car operators in Canadian cities in the mid to late 1800s, including in: [[Kitchener and Waterloo Street Railway#Construction and horsecar era|Kitchener-Waterloo]], [[Streetcars in London, Ontario|London]], [[Streetcars in Montreal#Horsecars|Montreal]], [[Ottawa#Post-Confederation|Ottawa]], [[Quebec City tramway (1865–1948)#Horsecars|Quebec City]], [[Railway City Transit|St. Thomas]], [[Toronto streetcar system#Pre-TTC history (1861–1921)|Toronto]], and [[Winnipeg Transit#1882–1899: Winnipeg Street Railway Company|Winnipeg]].<ref>{{Multiref2 |1={{cite book |title=Traction on The Grand: The Story of Electric Railways along Ontario's Grand River Valley |chapter=Chapter VI: Berlin & Waterloo Street Railway, Kitchener–Waterloo Railways |first=John M. |last=Mills |publisher=Railfare Enterprises |date=1977 |isbn=0-919130-27-5 |page=36}} |2={{Cite web |url=https://skyrisecities.com/news/2016/05/once-upon-tram-london-street-railway-companys-60-year-run-ontario |title=Once Upon a Tram: The London Street Railway Company's 60-year Run in Ontario |first=Adrian |last=Gamble |date=16 May 2016 |website=[[SkyriseCities]]}} |3={{Cite web |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/montreal-s-tramway-history-1.1876471 |title=Montreal's tramway history: Is a tramway renaissance already dead in Montreal? |work=[[CBC News]] |first=Rana |last=Liu |date=7 October 2013}} |4={{Cite book |last=Van de Wetering |first=Marion |title=An Ottawa Album: Glimpses of the Way We Were |year=1997 |publisher=Dundurn |isbn=0-88882-195-6 |page=28 |url={{GBurl|jRkxGw291AcC|p=28}}}} |5={{Cite web |url=https://home.cc.umanitoba.ca/~wyatt/alltime/quebec-qc.html |website=All-Time List of Canadian Transit Systems |title=Quebec, Quebec |first=David A. |last=Wyatt |date=26 June 2015}} |6={{Cite web |url=https://home.cc.umanitoba.ca/~wyatt/alltime/saint-thomas-on.html |website=All-Time List of Canadian Transit Systems |title=St. Thomas, Ontario |first=David A. |last=Wyatt |date=26 June 2015}} |7={{Cite web |url=http://home.cc.umanitoba.ca/~wyatt/alltime/toronto-suburbs-on.html |website=All-Time List of Canadian Transit Systems |title=Toronto Region, Ontario |first=David A.|last=Wyatt |date=1 July 2023}} |8={{Cite web |title=A History of Transportation in Winnipeg |first=Walter E. |last=Bradley |date=1958 |url=http://www.mhs.mb.ca/docs/transactions/3/transportation.shtml |website=[[Manitoba Historical Society]]}} }}</ref>