Editing Human migration (section)

== Economic impacts ==

=== World economy ===
[[File:Dorothea Lange, Drought refugees from Oklahoma camping by the roadside, Blythe, California, 1936.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Dorothea Lange]], Drought refugees from [[Oklahoma]] camping by the roadside, [[Blythe, California]], 1936]]
The impacts of human migration on the [[world economy]] have been largely positive. In 2015, migrants, who constituted 3.3% of the [[world population]], contributed 9.4% of global GDP.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/employment-and-growth/global-migrations-impact-and-opportunity |title=People on the Move: Global Migration's Impact and Opportunity |publisher=McKinsey Global Institute |year=2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bove |first1=Vincenzo |last2=Elia |first2=Leandro |title=Migration, Diversity, and Economic Growth |journal=[[World Development (journal)|World Development]] |date=2017 |volume=89 |pages=227–239 |doi=10.1016/j.worlddev.2016.08.012 |doi-access=free|hdl=11566/263676 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>

At a microeconomic level, the value of a human mobility is largely recognized by firms. A 2021 survey by the Boston Consulting Group found that 72% of 850+ executives across several countries and industries believed that migration benefited their countries, and 45% considered globally diverse employees a strategic advantage.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-06 |title=When Innovation Has No Borders, Culture Is Key |url=https://www.bcg.com/publications/2022/innovation-without-borders |access-date=2022-06-20 |website=BCG Global |language=en}}</ref>

According to the [[Center for Global Development|Centre for Global Development]], opening all borders could add $78 trillion to the [[Gross world product|world GDP]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.economist.com/the-world-if/2017/07/13/a-world-of-free-movement-would-be-78-trillion-richer |title=A world of free movement would be $78 trillion richer |date=2017-07-13 |newspaper=[[The Economist]] |access-date=2019-02-10 |issn=0013-0613}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Clemens |first=Michael A. |date=September 2011 |title=Economics and Emigration: Trillion-Dollar Bills on the Sidewalk? |journal=[[Journal of Economic Perspectives]] |language=en |volume=25 |issue=3 |pages=83–106 |doi=10.1257/jep.25.3.83 |s2cid=59507836 |issn=0895-3309 |url=http://www.aeaweb.org/articles.php?doi=10.1257/jep.25.3.83|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

=== Remittances ===
[[Remittance]]s (funds transferred by migrant workers to their home country) form a substantial part of the economy of some countries. The top ten remittance recipients in 2018.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Rank
!Country
!Remittance (in billions of US dollars)
!Percent of GDP
|-
||1||{{Flag|India}}||80||2.80
|-
||2||{{Flag|China}}||67||0.50
|-
||3||{{Flag|Philippines}}||34||9.14
|-
||4||{{Flag|Mexico}}||34||1.54
|-
||5||{{Flag|France}}||25||0.96
|-
||6||{{Flag|Nigeria}}||22||5.84
|-
||7||{{Flag|Egypt}}||20||8.43
|-
||8||{{Flag|Pakistan}}||20||6.57
|-
||9||{{Flag|Bangladesh}}||18||5.73
|-
||10||{{Flag|Vietnam}}||14||6.35
|}

In addition to economic impacts, migrants also make substantial contributions in sociocultural and civic-political life. Sociocultural contributions occur in the following areas of societies: food/cuisine, sport, music, art/culture, ideas and beliefs; civic-political contributions relate to participation in civic duties in the context of accepted authority of the State.<ref>McAuliffe, Kitimbo & Khadria, 2019, 'Reflections on migrations' contributions in an era of increasing disruption and disinformation', World Migration Report 2020, IOM: Geneva.</ref> It is in recognition of the importance of these remittances that the United Nations [[Sustainable Development Goal 10]] targets to substantially reduce the transaction costs of migrants remittances to less than 3% by 2030.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Goal ten targets |url=https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustainable-development-goals/goal-10-reduced-inequalities/targets.html |access-date=2020-09-23 |website=UNDP |language=en |archive-date=2020-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127140337/https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustainable-development-goals/goal-10-reduced-inequalities/targets.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>