Editing Hyperborea (section)

===Location===
The Hyperboreans were believed to live beyond the snowy [[Riphean Mountains]], with [[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]] describing the location as "The land of the Hyperboreans, men living beyond the home of Boreas."<ref>{{Cite book |author=[[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]] |title=Description of Greece |at=5. 7. 8}}</ref> [[Homer]] placed [[Boreas (god)|Boreas]] in [[Thrace]], and therefore Hyperborea was in his opinion north of Thrace, in [[Dacia]].<ref name="Proconnesus, Bolton 1962, p. 111">{{Cite book |title=Aristeas of Proconnesus |first=James David Pennington |last=Bolton |location=Oxford |publisher=Clarendon Press |date=1962 |page=111 |oclc=1907787}}</ref> [[Sophocles]] (''Antigone'', 980–987), Aeschylus (''Agamemnon'', 193; 651), [[Simonides of Ceos]] (Schol. on Apollonius Rhodius, 1. 121) and [[Callimachus]] (''Delian'', [IV] 65) also placed Boreas in [[Thrace]].{{Sfn|Bridgman|2005|pp=35, 72}}

Other ancient writers believed the home of Boreas or the Riphean Mountains were in a different location. For example, [[Hecataeus of Miletus]] believed that the Riphean Mountains were adjacent to the Black Sea.<ref name="Proconnesus, Bolton 1962, p. 111"/> Alternatively, [[Pindar]] placed the home of Boreas, the Riphean Mountains and Hyperborea all near the [[Danube]].{{Sfn|Bridgman|2005|p=45}}

[[Heraclides Ponticus]] and [[Antimachus]] in contrast identified the Riphean Mountains with the [[Alps]], and the Hyperboreans as a Celtic tribe (perhaps the [[Helvetii]]) who lived just beyond them.{{Sfn|Bridgman|2005|pp=60–69}} Aristotle placed the Riphean mountains on the borders of Scythia, and Hyperborea further north.<ref>{{Cite book |author=[[Aristotle]] |title=[[Meteorologica]] |at=1. 13. 350b}}</ref> [[Hecataeus of Abdera]] and others believed Hyperborea was Britain.

Later Roman and Greek sources continued to change the location of the Riphean mountains, the home of Boreas, as well as Hyperborea, supposedly located beyond them. However, all these sources agreed these were all in the far north of Greece or southern Europe.{{Sfn|Bridgman|2005|pp=75–80}} The ancient grammarian [[Simmias of Rhodes]] in the 3rd century BC connected the Hyperboreans to the [[Massagetae]]<ref>{{Cite journal |editor1-first=Hugh |editor1-last=Lloyd-Jones |editor2-first=Peter J. |editor2-last=Parsons |title=Simius Rhodius |journal=Supplementum Hellenistcum |location=Berlin |publisher=De Gruyter |date=1983 |at=No. 906, 411 |doi=10.1515/9783110837766|isbn=978-3-11-008171-8 }}</ref> and Posidonius in the 1st century BC to the Western Celts, but [[Pomponius Mela]] placed them even further north in the vicinity of the Arctic.{{Sfn|Bridgman|2005|p=79}}

In maps based on reference points and descriptions given by [[Strabo]],<ref>{{Cite book |author=[[Strabo]] |title=[[Geographica]] |at=11.4.3}}</ref> Hyperborea, shown variously as a [[peninsula]] or island, is located beyond what is now France, and stretches further north–south than east–west.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Nansen |first=Fridtjof |author-link=Fridtjof Nansen |title=In Northern Mists: Arctic Exploration in Early Times, Vol. II |location=New York |publisher=Frederick A. Stokes Co. |date=1911 |page=188 |translator-first=Arthur G. |translator-last=Chater |oclc=1402860994}}</ref> Other descriptions put it in the general area of the [[Ural Mountains]].