Editing Hypernucleus (section)

== Properties ==
Hypernuclear physics differs from that of normal nuclei because a hyperon is distinguishable from the four nucleon [[Spin (physics)|spin]] and [[isospin]]. That is, a single hyperon is not restricted by the [[Pauli exclusion principle]], and can sink to the lowest energy level.<ref name="Feliciello"/> As such, hypernuclei are often smaller and more tightly bound than normal nuclei;<ref name=jpg08>
{{cite journal
 |author=C. Samanta, P. Roy Chowdhury and D.N.Basu
 |date=2008
 |title=Lambda hyperonic effect on the normal driplines
 |journal=[[Journal of Physics G]]
 |volume=35 |pages=065101–065110
 |doi=10.1088/0954-3899/35/6/065101
 |bibcode = 2008JPhG...35f5101S
 |issue=6 |arxiv = 0802.3172 |s2cid=118482655
 }}</ref> for example, the [[lithium]] hypernucleus {{PhysicsParticle|Li|TL=7|BL=Λ}} is 19% smaller than the normal nucleus <sup>6</sup>Li.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Brumfiel |first=Geoff |title=The Incredible Shrinking Nucleus |magazine=[[Physical Review Focus]] |volume=7 |issue=11 |date=1 March 2001 |url=http://physics.aps.org/story/v7/st11}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Tanida |first1=K. |last2=Tamura |first2=H. |last3=Abe |first3=D. |last4=Akikawa |first4=H. |last5=Araki |first5=K. |last6=Bhang |first6=H. |last7=Endo |first7=T. |last8=Fujii |first8=Y. |last9=Fukuda |first9=T. |last10=Hashimoto |first10=O. |last11=Imai |first11=K. |last12=Hotchi |first12=H. |last13=Kakiguchi |first13=Y. |last14=Kim |first14=J. H. |last15=Kim |first15=Y. D. |last16=Miyoshi |first16=T. |last17=Murakami |first17=T. |last18=Nagae |first18=T. |last19=Noumi |first19=H. |last20=Outa |first20=H. |last21=Ozawa |first21=K. |last22=Saito |first22=T. |last23=Sasao |first23=J. |last24=Sato |first24=Y. |last25=Satoh |first25=S. |last26=Sawafta |first26=R. I. |last27=Sekimoto |first27=M. |last28=Takahashi |first28=T. |last29=Tang |first29=L. |last30=Xia |first30=H. H. |last31=Zhou |first31=S. H. |last32=Zhu |first32=L. H. |title=Measurement of the B(E2) of <math>^{7}_\Lambda\mathrm{Li}</math> and Shrinkage of the Hypernuclear Size |journal=Physical Review Letters |date=5 March 2001 |volume=86 |issue=10 |pages=1982–1985 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.1982|pmid=11289835 }}</ref> However, the hyperons can decay via the [[weak force]]; the mean lifetime of a free Λ is {{val|263|2|ul=ps}}, and that of a Λ hypernucleus is usually slightly shorter.{{sfn|Gal|Hungerford|Millener|2016|p=18}}

A generalized mass formula developed for both the non-strange normal nuclei and strange hypernuclei can estimate masses of hypernuclei containing Λ, ΛΛ, Σ, and Ξ hyperon(s).<ref name=WS06>{{cite book
 |author=C. Samanta
 |date=2006
 |chapter=Mass formula from normal to hypernuclei
 |editor1=S. Stoica |editor2=L. Trache |editor3=R.E. Tribble |chapter-url=http://www.worldscibooks.com/physics/6222.html
 |title=Proceedings of the Carpathian Summer School of Physics 2005
 |pages=29
 |publisher=[[World Scientific]]
 |isbn=978-981-270-007-0
}}</ref><ref name=jpg06>
{{cite journal
 |author=C. Samanta, P. Roy Chowdhury, D.N.Basu
 |date=2006
 |journal=[[Journal of Physics G]]
 |volume=32 |pages=363–373
 |title=Generalized mass formula for non-strange and hyper nuclei with SU(6) symmetry breaking
 |doi=10.1088/0954-3899/32/3/010
|arxiv = nucl-th/0504085 |bibcode = 2006JPhG...32..363S
 |issue=3 |s2cid=118870657
 }}</ref> The neutron and proton [[Nuclear drip line|driplines]] for hypernuclei are predicted and existence of some exotic hypernuclei beyond the normal neutron and proton driplines are suggested.<ref name=jpg08/> This generalized mass formula was named the "Samanta formula" by Botvina and Pochodzalla and used to predict relative yields of hypernuclei in heavy-ion collisions.<ref name=bop07>
{{cite journal
 |author1=A.S. Botvina |author2=J. Pochodzalla |date=2007
 |title= Production of hypernuclei in multifragmentation of nuclear spectator matter
 |journal=[[Physical Review C]]
 |volume=76 |pages=024909–024912
 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevC.76.024909
|bibcode = 2007PhRvC..76b4909B
 |issue=2 |arxiv = 0705.2968 |s2cid=119652113 }}</ref>