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==References== {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="Duncan_1988_MS-DOS_Encyclopedia">{{Cite book |title=The MS-DOS Encyclopedia: versions 1.0 through 3.2 |author-first1=Ray |author-last1=Duncan |author-first2=Steve |author-last2=Bostwick |author-first3=Keith |author-last3=Burgoyne |author-first4=Robert A. |author-last4=Byers |author-first5=Thom |author-last5=Hogan |author-first6=Jim |author-last6=Kyle |author-first7=Gordon |author-last7=Letwin |author-link7=Gordon Letwin |author-first8=Charles |author-last8=Petzold |author-link8=Charles Petzold |author-first9=Chip |author-last9=Rabinowitz |author-first10=Jim |author-last10=Tomlin |author-first11=Richard |author-last11=Wilton |author-first12=Van |author-last12=Wolverton |author-first13=William |author-last13=Wong |author-first14=JoAnne |author-last14=Woodcock |contribution=Technical advisors |contributor-first1=Mark |contributor-last1=Zbikowski |contributor-link1=Mark Zbikowski |contributor-first2=Paul |contributor-last2=Allen |contributor-link2=Paul Allen |contributor-first3=Steve |contributor-last3=Ballmer |contributor-link3=Steve Ballmer |contributor-first4=Reuben |contributor-last4=Borman |contributor-first5=Rob |contributor-last5=Borman |contributor-first6=John |contributor-last6=Butler |contributor-first7=Chuck |contributor-last7=Carroll |contributor-first8=Mark |contributor-last8=Chamberlain |contributor-first9=David |contributor-last9=Chell |contributor-first10=Mike |contributor-last10=Colee |contributor-first11=Mike |contributor-last11=Courtney |contributor-first12=Mike |contributor-last12=Dryfoos |contributor-first13=Rachel |contributor-last13=Duncan |contributor-first14=Kurt |contributor-last14=Eckhardt |contributor-first15=Eric |contributor-last15=Evans |contributor-first16=Rick |contributor-last16=Farmer |contributor-first17=Bill |contributor-last17=Gates |contributor-link17=Bill Gates |contributor-first18=Michael |contributor-last18=Geary |contributor-first19=Bob |contributor-last19=Griffin |contributor-first20=Doug |contributor-last20=Hogarth |contributor-first21=James W. |contributor-last21=Johnson |contributor-first22=Kaamel |contributor-last22=Kermaani |contributor-first23=Adrian |contributor-last23=King |contributor-first24=Reed |contributor-last24=Koch |contributor-first25=James |contributor-last25=Landowski |contributor-first26=Chris |contributor-last26=Larson |contributor-first27=Thomas |contributor-last27=Lennon |contributor-first28=Dan |contributor-last28=Lipkie |contributor-first29=Marc |contributor-last29=McDonald |contributor-link29=Marc McDonald |contributor-first30=Bruce |contributor-last30=McKinney |contributor-first31=Pascal |contributor-last31=Martin |contributor-first32=Estelle |contributor-last32=Mathers |contributor-first33=Bob |contributor-last33=Matthews <!-- |contributor-link33=Robert Matthews (scientist)??? --> |contributor-first34=David |contributor-last34=Melin |contributor-first35=Charles |contributor-last35=Mergentime |contributor-first36=Randy |contributor-last36=Nevin |contributor-first37=Dan |contributor-last37=Newell |contributor-first38=Tani |contributor-last38=Newell |contributor-first39=David |contributor-last39=Norris |contributor-first40=Mike |contributor-last40=O'Leary |contributor-first41=Bob |contributor-last41=O'Rear |contributor-link41=Bob O'Rear |contributor-first42=Mike |contributor-last42=Olsson |contributor-first43=Larry |contributor-last43=Osterman |contributor-first44=Ridge |contributor-last44=Ostling |contributor-first45=Sunil |contributor-last45=Pai |contributor-first46=Tim |contributor-last46=Paterson |contributor-link46=Tim Paterson |contributor-first47=Gary |contributor-last47=Perez |contributor-first48=Chris |contributor-last48=Peters |contributor-first49=Charles |contributor-last49=Petzold |contributor-link49=Charles Petzold |contributor-first50=John |contributor-last50=Pollock |contributor-first51=Aaron |contributor-last51=Reynolds |contributor-link51=Aaron R. Reynolds |contributor-first52=Darryl |contributor-last52=Rubin |contributor-first53=Ralph |contributor-last53=Ryan |contributor-first54=Karl |contributor-last54=Schulmeisters |contributor-first55=Rajen |contributor-last55=Shah |contributor-first56=Barry |contributor-last56=Shaw |contributor-first57=Anthony |contributor-last57=Short |contributor-first58=Ben |contributor-last58=Slivka |contributor-first59=Jon |contributor-last59=Smirl |contributor-first60=Betty |contributor-last60=Stillmaker |contributor-first61=John |contributor-last61=Stoddard |contributor-first62=Dennis |contributor-last62=Tillman |contributor-first63=Greg |contributor-last63=Whitten |contributor-first64=Natalie |contributor-last64=Yount |contributor-first65=Steve |contributor-last65=Zeck |date=1988 |edition=Completely reworked |publisher=[[Microsoft Press]] |location=Redmond, Washington, USA |isbn=1-55615-049-0 |lccn=87-21452 |oclc=16581341}} (xix+1570 pages; 26 cm) (NB. This edition was published in 1988 after extensive rework of the withdrawn 1986 first edition by a different team of authors. [https://www.pcjs.org/pubs/pc/reference/microsoft/mspl13/msdos/encyclopedia/])</ref> <ref name="Kildall_1975_BIOS">{{cite book |title=CP/M 1.1 or 1.2 BIOS and BDOS for Lawrence Livermore Laboratories |date=June 1975 |author-first=Gary Arlen |author-last=Kildall |author-link=Gary Arlen Kildall |quote=An excerpt of the BDOS.PLM file header in the [[PL/M]] source code of [[CP/M 1.1]] or [[CP/M 1.2]] for [[Lawrence Livermore Laboratories]] (LLL)}}<pre>[β¦] /* C P / M B A S I C I / O S Y S T E M (B I O S) COPYRIGHT (C) GARY A. KILDALL JUNE, 1975 */ [β¦] /* B A S I C D I S K O P E R A T I N G S Y S T E M (B D O S) COPYRIGHT (C) GARY A. KILDALL JUNE, 1975 */ [β¦]</pre><!-- some whitespace removed from original citation --></ref> <ref name="Kildall_1980_CPM">{{cite journal |title=The History of CP/M, The Evolution of an Industry: One Person's Viewpoint |author-first=Gary Arlen |author-last=Kildall |author-link=Gary Arlen Kildall |date=January 1980 |journal=[[Dr. Dobb's Journal of Computer Calisthenics & Orthodontia]] |pages=6β7 |volume=5 |issue=1 <!-- |number=41 --> |url=http://www.retrotechnology.com/dri/CPM_history_kildall.txt |access-date=2013-06-03 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161124221907/http://www.retrotechnology.com/dri/CPM_history_kildall.txt |archive-date=2016-11-24 |quote=[β¦] The first commercial licensing of [[CP/M]] took place in 1975 with contracts between [[Digital Systems (Seattle)|Digital Systems]]<!-- a company by [[John Torode (physicist)|John Torode]] --> and [[Omron of America]] for use in their intelligent terminal, and with [[Lawrence Livermore Laboratories]] where CP/M was used to monitor programs in the [[Octopus (network)|Octopus network]]. Little attention was paid to CP/M for about a year. In my spare time, I worked to improve overall facilities [β¦] By this time, CP/M had been adapted for four different controllers. [β¦] In 1976, [[Glenn Ewing]] approached me with a problem: [[IMSAI|Imsai]], Incorporated, for whom Glenn consulted, had shipped a large number of disk subsystems with a promise that an operating system would follow. I was somewhat reluctant to adapt CP/M to yet another controller, and thus the notion of a separated Basic I/O System (BIOS) evolved. In principle, the hardware dependent portions of CP/M were concentrated in the BIOS, thus allowing Glenn, or anyone else, to adapt CP/M to the Imsai equipment. Imsai was subsequently licensed to distribute [[CP/M 1.3|CP/M version 1.3]], which eventually evolved into an operating system called [[IMDOS]]. [β¦]}}</ref> <ref name="Fischer_2001_Ewing">{{cite web |title=Gary Kildall's CP/M: Some early CP/M history - 1976β1977 |author-first=A. Joseph "Joe" |author-last=Killian |author-link=Joe Killian |publisher=[[Thomas Fischer (IMSAI)|Thomas "Todd" Fischer]], [[IMSAI]] |year=2001 |url=http://www.imsai.net/history/imsai_history/cp-m_history.htm |access-date=2013-06-03 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200324173547/https://www.imsai.net/history/imsai_history/cp-m_history.htm |archive-date=2020-03-24 |quote=[β¦] When [[IMSAI|we]] failed to produce an operating system in a timely manner, [[Glenn Ewing|Glenn]] started talking with Gary about [[CP/M|CPM]] [β¦] It took several months of twisting Gary's arm to get Gary to port it to the 8080. The final success came when Glenn talked Gary into just separating the I/O from the rest of it, with Glenn promising to re-write the I/O module for the [[IMSAI 8080]] (which he did). So CPM on the [[IMSAI]] was a joint effort between Glenn and Gary. [β¦]}}</ref> <ref name="Fraley_2007_Killian">{{cite web |title=Oral History of Joseph Killian, Interviewed by: Bob Fraley, Edited by: Dag Spicer, Recorded: 2007-01-26 |location=Mountain View, California |id=CHM Reference number: X3879.2007 |author-first1=Bob |author-last1=Fraley |author-first2=Dag |author-last2=Spicer |date=2007-01-26 |publisher=[[Computer History Museum]] |url=http://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/access/text/2012/10/102658016-05-01-acc.pdf |access-date=2013-06-03 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714175258/http://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/access/text/2012/10/102658016-05-01-acc.pdf |archive-date=2014-07-14 |quote=[[Joe Killian|Killian]]: "[β¦] [[Glenn Ewing|Glenn]] [β¦] would be talking with [[Gary Kildall|Gary]], and he started twisting Gary's arm. He said, "Hey Gary, why can't we run this in this [[IMSAI]]?" "The I/O's all different, won't run." But Glenn persists and finally makes a deal with Gary. He says, "Okay Gary, if you split out the I/O, I'll write the [[BIOS]], basic I/O's system," and Glenn named it then. "We'll split it out separately. I'll write that part, as long as you can make a division in the program there." And he got Gary to do that and Glenn put those two pieces together and was running Gary's CP/M on an IMSAI. Glenn let us know that, and it wasn't too much later than [[Bill Millard|Bill]] was down there making arrangements with Gary Kildall to license [[CP/M]]. [β¦] Now that the BIOS is separated out, anybody could write a BIOS for their machine, if it was 8080-based, and run this, so he started selling that separately under the company [[Digital Research]] that he formed and did quite well."}}</ref> <ref name="Shustek_2016">{{cite web |title=In His Own Words: Gary Kildall |author-first=Len |author-last=Shustek |date=2016-08-02 |work=Remarkable People |publisher=[[Computer History Museum]] |url=http://www.computerhistory.org/atchm/in-his-own-words-gary-kildall/ |access-date=2020-02-24 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200324173535/https://computerhistory.org/blog/in-his-own-words-gary-kildall/?key=in-his-own-words-gary-kildall |archive-date=2020-03-24}}</ref> <ref name="Kildall_1993">{{cite book |orig-year=1993 |date=2016-08-02 |title=Computer Connections: People, Places, and Events in the Evolution of the Personal Computer Industry |author-first=Gary Arlen |author-last=Kildall |author-link=Gary Arlen Kildall |editor-first1=Scott |editor-last1=Kildall |editor-link=Scott Kildall |editor-first2=Kristin |editor-last2=Kildall |publisher=Kildall Family |type=Manuscript, part 1 |url=http://www.computerhistory.org/atchm/computer-history-museum-license-agreement-for-the-kildall-manuscript/ |access-date=2016-11-17 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161117232745/http://s3data.computerhistory.org/kildall-p.1-78-publishable-lowres.pdf |archive-date=2016-11-17}}</ref> <ref name="Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP">{{anchor|Paul-1997-NWDOSTIP}}{{cite book |title=NWDOS-TIPs — Tips & Tricks rund um Novell DOS 7, mit Blick auf undokumentierte Details, Bugs und Workarounds |series=MPDOSTIP |author-first=Matthias R. |author-last=Paul |date=1997-07-30 |orig-year=1994-05-01 |edition=3 |language=de |url=http://www.antonis.de/dos/dos-tuts/mpdostip/html/nwdostip.htm |access-date=2012-01-11 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161105172944/http://www.antonis.de/dos/dos-tuts/mpdostip/html/nwdostip.htm |archive-date=2016-11-05}} (NB. <code>NWDOSTIP.TXT</code> is a comprehensive work on [[Novell DOS 7]] and [[OpenDOS 7.01]], including the description of many undocumented features and internals. It is part of the author's yet larger <code>MPDOSTIP.ZIP</code><!-- still named TIPS_MP.ZIP between 1991 and 1996-11 --> collection maintained up to 2001 and distributed on many sites at the time. The provided link points to a HTML-converted older version of the file.) [https://web.archive.org/web/20190601152204/https://www.sac.sk/download/text/mpdostip.zip<!-- A yet older version 155 from 1997-05-13 of the 1997-07-15 distribution archive. -->]</ref> <ref name="Paul_2001_NWDOSTIP">{{cite book |title=NWDOS-TIPs — Tips & Tricks rund um Novell DOS 7, mit Blick auf undokumentierte Details, Bugs und Workarounds |series=MPDOSTIP |author-first=Matthias R. |author-last=Paul |date=2001-04-09 |edition=3 |language=de}}</ref> <ref name="Paul_1997_OD-A3">{{anchor|Paul-1997-OD-A3}}{{cite web |author-first=Matthias R. |author-last=Paul |title=Caldera OpenDOS 7.01/7.02 Update Alpha 3 IBMBIO.COM - README.TXT and BOOT.TXT - A short description of how OpenDOS is booted |url=http://www.uni-bonn.de/~uzs180/download/ibmbioa3.zip |date=1997-10-02 |orig-year=1997-09-29 |access-date=2009-03-29 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031004074600/http://www-student.informatik.uni-bonn.de/~frinke/ibmbioa3.zip |archive-date=2003-10-04}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20181225154705/http://mirror.macintosharchive.org/max1zzz.co.uk/+Windows%20&%20DOS/DOS/System/Novell/Support/Bins/Op702src.zip<!-- Op702src.zip is an unofficial renamed distribution of the ibmbioa3.zip file -->]</ref> <ref name="Paul_2001">{{anchor|Paul-2001}}{{cite web |title=FAT32 in DR-DOS |author-first=Matthias R. |author-last=Paul |date=2001-01-17 |work=opendos@delorie |url=http://www.delorie.com/opendos/archives/browse.cgi?p=opendos/2001/01/17/02:29:47 |access-date=2017-10-06 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171006205537/http://www.delorie.com/opendos/archives/browse.cgi?p=opendos%2F2001%2F01%2F17%2F02%3A29%3A47 |archive-date=2017-10-06 |quote=[β¦] The DR-DOS boot sector [β¦] searches for the IBMBIO.COM (DRBIOS.SYS) file and then loads the *whole* file into memory before it passes control to it. [β¦]}}</ref> <ref name="Paul_2002">{{anchor|Paul-2002}}{{cite web |title=Can't copy |author-first=Matthias R. |author-last=Paul |date=2002-02-20 |work=opendos@delorie |url=http://www.delorie.com/opendos//archives/browse.cgi?p=opendos/2002/02/20/16:17:57 |access-date=2017-10-06 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171006211007/http://www.delorie.com/opendos//archives/browse.cgi?p=opendos%2F2002%2F02%2F20%2F16%3A17%3A57 |archive-date=2017-10-06 |quote=[β¦] The [[DR-DOS]] boot sector loads the whole IBMBIO.COM file into memory before it executes it. It does not care at all about the [[IBMDOS.COM]] file, which is loaded by IBMBIO.COM. [β¦] The DR-DOS boot sector [β¦] will find the [β¦] kernel files as long as they are logically stored in the root directory. Their physical location on the disk, and if they are fragmented or not, is don't care for the DR-DOS boot sector. Hence, you can just copy the kernel files to the disk (even with a simple [[COPY (DOS command)|COPY]]), and as soon as the boot sector is a DR-DOS sector, it will find and load them. Of course, it is difficult to put all this into just 512 bytes, the size of a single sector, but this is a major convenience improvement if you have to set up a DR-DOS system, and it is also the key for the DR-DOS multi-OS [[LOADER.COM|LOADER]] utility to work. The [[MS-DOS]] kernel files must reside on specific locations, but the DR-DOS files can be anywhere, so you don't have to physically swap them around each time you boot the other OS. Also, it allows to upgrade a DR-DOS system simply by copying the kernel files over the old ones, no need for [[SYS (DOS command)|SYS]], no difficult setup procedures as required for MS-DOS/PC DOS. You can even have multiple DR-DOS kernel files under different file names stored on the same drive, and LOADER will switch between them according to the file names listed in the [[BOOT.LST]] file. [β¦]}}</ref> <ref name="Paul_2017">{{cite web |title=The continuing saga of Windows 3.1 in enhanced mode on OmniBook 300 |author-first=Matthias R. |author-last=Paul |orig-year=2017-08-07 |date=2017-08-14 |work=MoHPC - the Museum of HP Calculators |url=http://hpmuseum.org/forum/thread-8774-post-76925.html#pid76925 |access-date=2017-10-06 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171006204718/http://hpmuseum.org/forum/thread-8774-post-76925.html |archive-date=2017-10-06 |quote=[β¦] the DR-DOS [[FDISK (DOS command)|FDISK]] does not only partition a disk, but can also format the freshly created volumes and initialize their boot sectors in one go, so there's no risk to accidentally mess up the wrong volume and no need for [[FORMAT (DOS command)|FORMAT]] /S or [[SYS (DOS command)|SYS]]. Afterwards, you could just copy over the remaining DR-DOS files, including the system files. It is important to know that, in contrast to MS-DOS/PC DOS, DR-DOS has "smart" boot sectors which will actually "mount" the file-system to search for and load the system files in the root directory instead of expecting them to be placed at a certain location. Physically, the system files can be located anywhere and also can be fragmented. [β¦]}}</ref> <ref name="Schulman_1994_Undocumented-DOS">{{cite book |author-first1=Andrew |author-last1=Schulman |author-first2=Ralf D. |author-last2=Brown |author-link2=Ralf D. Brown |author-first3=David |author-last3=Maxey |author-first4=Raymond J. |author-last4=Michels |author-first5=Jim |author-last5=Kyle |title=Undocumented DOS: A programmer's guide to reserved MS-DOS functions and data structures - expanded to include MS-DOS 6, Novell DOS and Windows 3.1 |publisher=[[Addison Wesley]] |edition=2 |date=1994 |orig-year=November 1993<!-- first printing --> |isbn=0-201-63287-X |location=Reading, Massachusetts |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/undocumenteddosp00andr_0}} (xviii+856+vi pages, 3.5"-floppy) Errata: [https://web.archive.org/web/20190417215556/http://www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/user/ralf/pub/books/UndocumentedDOS/errata.ud2][https://web.archive.org/web/20190417212906/https://www.pcjs.org/pubs/pc/programming/Undocumented_DOS/#errata-2nd-edition]</ref> <ref name="Caldera_1998_NEW703">{{cite book |ref={{harvid|Caldera|1998}} |title=DR-DOS 7.03 WHATSNEW.TXT - Changes from DR-DOS 7.02 to DR-DOS 7.03 |publisher=[[Caldera, Inc.]] |date=1998-12-24 |url=http://www.lookas.net/ftp/incoming/darbui/Justas/DRDOS/WHATSNEW.TXT |access-date=2019-04-08 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408142232/http://www.lookas.net/ftp/incoming/darbui/Justas/DRDOS/WHATSNEW.TXT |archive-date=2019-04-08 |quote=[β¦] Added a stub which displays the build info if COUNTRY.SYS was erroneously considered being an device driver (DEVICE=COUNTRY.SYS). Also displays the same info if started as .COM program. [β¦] Added a second compression method to further decrease the size of IBMBIO.COM. [β¦]}}</ref> <ref name="Chappell_1994_DOS-Internals">{{cite book |title=DOS Internals |author-first=Geoff |author-last=Chappell |chapter=Chapter 2: The System Footprint |editor-first1=Andrew |editor-last1=Schulman |editor-first2=Amorette |editor-last2=Pedersen |date=January 1994 |edition=1st printing, 1st |series=The Andrew Schulman Programming Series |publisher=[[Addison Wesley Publishing Company]] |isbn=978-0-201-60835-9 }} (xxvi+738+iv pages, 3.5"-floppy [https://web.archive.org/web/20190421200111/https://gopher.tildeverse.org/gopher.viste.fr/9/programming/PC/DOS/DOS%2520Internals/DOS_Internals.zip][https://web.archive.org/web/20200222111608/https://www.pcjs.org/pubs/pc/programming/DOS_Internals/]) Errata: [https://web.archive.org/web/20200222111742/http://www.geoffchappell.com/notes/dos/internals/][https://web.archive.org/web/20200222111853/https://gopher.tildeverse.org/gopher.viste.fr/1/programming/PC/DOS/DOS%2520Internals/crtdrvr][https://web.archive.org/web/20200222111945/https://gopher.tildeverse.org/gopher.viste.fr/1/programming/PC/DOS/DOS%2520Internals/xmswatch]</ref> <ref name="Novell_1993_LOADER">{{cite journal |title=Booting Multiple Operating Systems with the DR Multiuser DOS LOADER Utility |volume=5 |number=4 |author-first=Mad |author-last=Poarch<!-- Director, Developer Support/Service --> |journal=Developer Support Bullets |publisher=[[Novell]] |date=April 1993 |url=http://developer.novell.com/support/bullets/apr93.htm#articles |access-date=2013-06-28 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322220335/http://developer.novell.com/support/bullets/apr93.htm |archive-date=2012-03-22}}</ref> <ref name="Rosch_1991_SYS">{{cite magazine |title=DR DOS 5.0 - The better operating system? |author-first=Winn L. |author-last=Rosch |magazine=[[PC Magazine]] |date=1991-02-12 |volume=10 |number=3 |pages=<!-- 245, -->241β246, 257, 264, 266 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YxFTezF9-sMC&pg=PT250 |access-date=2019-07-26 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190725223320/https://books.google.nl/books?id=YxFTezF9-sMC&pg=PT250&lpg=PT250&redir_esc=y%23v=onepage&q&f=false |archive-date=2019-07-25 |quote=[β¦] [[SYS (DOS command)|SYS]] has been improved under [[DR DOS 5.0]] so you don't have to worry about leaving the first cluster free on a disk that you want to make bootable. The DR DOS system files can be located anywhere on the disk, so any disk with enough free space can be set to boot your system. [β¦]}} (NB. The source attributes this to the [[SYS (DOS command)|SYS]] utility while in fact this is a feature of the advanced bootstrap loader in the boot sector. SYS just plants this sector onto the disk.)</ref> <ref name="ACT_1984_Apricot-Portable">{{cite book |title=Apricot Portable - Technical Reference Manual |volume=Section 3: Software |publisher=[[ACT (International) Limited]] |date=1984 |url=https://archive.org/details/hack42_Apricot_Portable_Technical_Reference_Manual_Sections |access-date=2020-01-13}} (228 pages)</ref> <ref name="Paterson_1994_Origins_DOS">{{cite journal |title=The Origins of DOS: DOS Creator Gives His View of Relationship Between CP/M, MS-DOS |author-last=Paterson |author-first=Tim |author-link=Tim Paterson |journal=[[Microprocessor Report]] |publisher=[[MicroDesign Resources]] (MDR) |volume=8 |issue=13 |date=1994-10-03 |issn=0899-9341 |url=http://www.ece.umd.edu/courses/enee759m.S2000/papers/paterson1994-kildall.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120531090452/http://www.ece.umd.edu/courses/enee759m.S2000/papers/paterson1994-kildall.pdf |archive-date=2012-05-31}}</ref> <ref name="Paterson_2007_Design-DOS">{{cite web |title=Design of DOS |author-first=Tim |author-last=Paterson |author-link=Tim Paterson |work=DosMan Drivel |date=2007-09-30 |url=http://dosmandrivel.blogspot.com/2007/09/design-of-dos.html |access-date=2011-07-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120075653/http://dosmandrivel.blogspot.com/2007/09/design-of-dos.html |archive-date=2013-01-20}}</ref> }} {{Disk operating systems}} [[Category:DOS files]]
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