Editing Image schema (section)

==Relationships to similar theories==
Johnson indicates that his analysis of ''out'' drew upon a 1981 doctoral dissertation by [[Susan Lindner]] in linguistics at UCSD under [[Ronald Langacker]], and more generally by the theory of [[cognitive grammar]] put forth by him.<ref>For example: {{cite book |last=Langacker |first=Ronald W. |authorlink=Ronald Langacker |date=1987 |title=Foundations of Cognitive Grammar: Theoretical Prerequisites |location=Stanford, Calif. |publisher=[[Stanford University Press]] |isbn=978-0804712613 |oclc=37499775}}</ref> For the force group of image schemas Johnson also drew on an early version of the [[Force Dynamics|force dynamic]] schemas put forth by [[Len Talmy]], as used by linguists such as [[Eve Sweetser]]. Other influences include [[Max Wertheimer]]'s [[Gestalt psychology|gestalt]] structure theory and [[Schema (Kant)|Kant's account of schemas]] in categorization, as well as studies in experimental psychology on the [[mental rotation]] of images.

In addition to the dissertation on ''over'' by Brugman, Lakoff's use of image schema theory also drew extensively on Talmy and Langacker's theories of spatial relations terms. Other theories making use of similar conceptual primitives to capture meaning include [[Jean Matter Mandler|Jean M. Mandler]]'s ''spatial primitives'', [[Anna Wierzbicka]]'s ''semantic primes''<ref>{{Cite book|last=Wierzbicka|first=Anna|title=Semantics : Primes and Universals|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1996|isbn=9780191588594|location=UK|pages=}}</ref>'', [[Leonard Talmy]]'s conceptual primitives,'' [[Roger Schank]] ''[[conceptual dependency theory]]'' and [[Andrea diSessa|Andrea A. diSessa]]'s phenomenological primitives (p-prims).

Image schemas have also been proposed to be descriptors of [[James J. Gibson|Gibsonian]] [[affordance]]s. An object like a ''cup'' affords the image schema Containment to liquids and an abstract concept like ''transportation'' offer the affordance of moving something from one point to another as an image-schematic combination of Source-Path-Goal and Containment (alternatively Support).