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Imam Shamil
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== Last years == [[File:The_illustrated_London_News_December_24_1859._Schamyl_(front_page).png|thumb|Shamil (front page). [[The Illustrated London News|Illustrated London News]] of December 24, 1859.]] After his capture, Shamil was sent to [[Saint Petersburg]] to meet the [[Alexander II of Russia|Tsar Alexander II]]. Afterwards, he was exiled to [[Kaluga]], then a small town near [[Moscow]]. After several years in Kaluga he complained to the authorities about the climate and in December 1868 Shamil received permission to move to [[Kyiv]] a commercial center of the Empire's southwest. In Kyiv he was afforded a mansion in [[Hrushevsky Street (Kiev)|Aleksandrovskaya Street]]. The Imperial authorities ordered the Kyiv superintendent to keep Shamil under "strict but not overly burdensome surveillance" and allotted the city a significant sum for the needs of the exile. Shamil seemed to have liked his luxurious detainment, as well as the city; this is confirmed by the letters he sent from Kyiv.<ref name=Kiev>Андрей Манчук, [http://pk.kiev.ua/history/2007/09/06/090007.html Шамиль на печерских холмах] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071115004046/http://pk.kiev.ua/history/2007/09/06/090007.html |date=2007-11-15 }}, ''"Газета по-киевски"'', 06.09.2007</ref> In 1859 Shamil wrote to one of his sons: "By the will of the Almighty, the Absolute Governor, I have fallen into the hands of unbelievers ... the Great Emperor ... has settled me here ... in a tall spacious house with carpets and all the necessities".<ref>Pismo Shamilia Mukhammadanu, November 24, 1859, in Omarov, ed. 100 pisem Shamilia.</ref> In 1869 he was given permission to perform the [[Hajj]] to the holy city of [[Mecca]]. He traveled first from Kyiv to [[Odesa]] and then sailed to [[Istanbul]], where he was greeted by [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] [[Sultan Abdulaziz]]. He became a guest at the Imperial [[Topkapı Palace]] for a short while and left Istanbul on a ship reserved for him by the Sultan. In Mecca, during the pilgrimage, he met and conversed with [[Abdelkader El Djezairi]]. After completing his pilgrimage to Mecca, he died in [[Medina]] in 1871 while visiting the city, and was buried in the [[Jannatul Baqi]], a historical graveyard in Medina where many prominent personalities from Islamic history are interred. Two elder sons, ({{ill|Cemaleddin (1829-1858)|lt=Cemaleddin|ru|Джамалуддин (сын Шамиля)}} and Muhammed Şefi), whom he had to leave in Russia in order to get permission to visit Mecca, became officers in the Russian army, while two younger sons, ({{ill|Muhammed Gazi|ru|Гази-Мухаммад (сын Шамиля)}} and Muhammed Kamil), served in the [[Ottoman Empire|Turkish]] army whilst their daughter Peet'mat Shamil went on to marry Sheikh Mansur Fedorov, an Imam who later absconded from the Russian Empire out of fear for himself and his children's life. He fathered 11 children, one being John Fedorov who changed his name to John Federoff after migrating to Childers in Queensland, Australia<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.genealogy.com/forum/regional/countries/topics/russia/1461/|title=Re: John Federoff born Russia - Genealogy.com|website=www.genealogy.com|accessdate=4 May 2023}}</ref> where he established a sugar cane farming empire. [[Said Shamil]], a grandson of Imam Shamil, became one of the founders of the [[Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus]], which was founded in 1917 and survived until 1920, when it was conquered by [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Soviet Russia]]. Forced to leave the region, in 1924 he established the "Committee of Independence of the Caucasus" in [[Weimar Republic|Germany]].
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