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Initialization vector
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==Block ciphers== Block cipher processing of data is usually described as a mode of operation. Modes are primarily defined for encryption as well as [[authentication]], though newer designs exist that combine both security solutions in so-called [[authenticated encryption]] modes. While encryption and authenticated encryption modes usually take an IV matching the cipher's block size, authentication modes are commonly realized as [[deterministic algorithm]]s, and the IV is set to zero or some other fixed value.
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