Editing Insulin-like growth factor (section)

==Organs and tissues affected by IGF-1==

Since many distinct tissue types express the IGF-1 receptor, IGF-1's effects are diverse.   It acts as a [[neurotrophic]] factor, inducing the survival of neurons.  It may catalyse [[skeletal muscle]] [[hypertrophy]], by inducing [[protein synthesis]], and by blocking [[muscle atrophy]].  It is protective for [[cartilage]] cells, and is associated with activation of [[osteocytes]], and thus may be an anabolic factor for [[bone]].   Since at high concentrations it is capable of activating the [[insulin receptor]], it can also complement for the effects of [[insulin]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Boucher|first1=Jeremie|last2=Tseng|first2=Yu-Hua|last3=Kahn|first3=C. Ronald|date=2010-05-28|title=Insulin and Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Receptors Act as Ligand-specific Amplitude Modulators of a Common Pathway Regulating Gene Transcription|journal=The Journal of Biological Chemistry|volume=285|issue=22|pages=17235–17245|doi=10.1074/jbc.M110.118620|issn=0021-9258|pmc=2878077|pmid=20360006|doi-access=free}}</ref> Receptors for IGF-1 are found in vascular smooth muscle, while typical receptors for insulin are not found in vascular smooth muscle.<ref name="pmid2968745">{{cite journal | vauthors = Bornfeldt KE, Arnqvist HJ, Dahlkvist HH, Skottner A, Wikberg JE | title = Receptors for insulin-like growth factor-I in plasma membranes isolated from bovine mesenteric arteries | journal = Acta Endocrinologica | volume = 117 | issue = 4 | pages = 428–34 | date = April 1988 | pmid = 2968745 | doi = 10.1530/acta.0.1170428 }}</ref>