Editing Internet privacy (section)

===Internet protocol (IP) addresses===
The architecture of the Internet Protocol necessitates that a website receives [[IP address|IP]] addresses of its visitors, which can be tracked through time. Companies match data over time to associate the name, address, and other information to the IP address.<ref>{{cite web|last=Cyphers|first=Bennett|date=2019-12-02|title=Behind the One-Way Mirror: A Deep Dive Into the Technology of Corporate Surveillance|url=https://www.eff.org/wp/behind-the-one-way-mirror|access-date=2020-03-09|website=Electronic Frontier Foundation|language=en|archive-date=2022-02-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220213203447/https://www.eff.org/wp/behind-the-one-way-mirror|url-status=live}}</ref> There are opposing views in different jurisdiction on whether an IP address is personal information. The [[Court of Justice of the European Union]] has ruled they need to be treated as personally identifiable information if the website tracking them, or a third party like a service provider knows the name or street address of the IP address holder, which would be true for static IP addresses, not for dynamic addresses.<ref name="cozen">{{cite web|last=O'Connor|first=Cozen|date=2020-02-14|title=What Is A "Reasonable Link" Under CCPA? {{!}} Lexology|url=https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=6452d1ed-19ae-4fa4-8fb3-119e9735dbea|access-date=2020-03-05|website=www.lexology.com|language=en|archive-date=2022-02-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220213203439/https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=6452d1ed-19ae-4fa4-8fb3-119e9735dbea|url-status=live}}</ref>

California regulations say IP addresses need to be treated as personal information if the business itself, not a third party, can link them to a name and street address.<ref name="cozen"/><ref>{{cite web|last=Coleman|first=June|date=2020-02-20|title=CCPA Clarity in California|url=https://www.acainternational.org/news/ccpa-clarity-in-california|access-date=2020-03-05|website=ACA International|language=en|archive-date=2022-02-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220215223826/https://www.acainternational.org/news/ccpa-clarity-in-california/|url-status=live}}</ref>

An Alberta court ruled that police can obtain the IP addresses and the names and addresses associated with them without a search warrant; the Calgary, Alberta police found IP addresses that initiated online crimes. The service provider gave police the names and addresses associated with those IP addresses.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-02-11|title=IP Addresses No Longer Protected in Alberta|language=en|work=Canadian Lawyer Magazine|url=https://www.canadianlawyermag.com/news/opinion/ip-addresses-no-longer-protected-in-alberta/326158|access-date=2020-03-05|archive-date=2022-02-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220215212915/https://www.canadianlawyermag.com/news/opinion/ip-addresses-no-longer-protected-in-alberta/326158|url-status=live}}</ref>