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Isaac Bashevis Singer
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===United States=== In 1935, four years before the [[Nazi Germany|Nazi]] [[Invasion of Poland|invasion]], Singer emigrated from [[Second Polish Republic|Poland]] to the United States.<ref name= "Jewish Am Hall Fame" /> He was fearful of the growing threat in neighboring Germany.<ref>{{cite book |first=Kristina |last=Maul |title=Communication and Society in Jewish American Short Stories |publisher=GRIN Verlag |year=2007 |page=19 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sl1jSXDV7nwC&pg=PA19 |isbn=9783638843201}}.</ref> The move separated the author from his common-law first wife Runia Pontsch and son Israel Zamir (1929–2014); they immigrated to [[Moscow]] and then [[Mandatory Palestine|Palestine]]. The three met again in 1955. Singer settled in [[New York City]], where he took up work as a journalist and columnist for ''[[The Jewish Daily Forward]]'' ({{lang |yi|פֿאָרװערטס}}), a Yiddish-language newspaper. (When he arrived in the US, he only knew three words of English: "Take a chair".<ref name= "Jewish Am Hall Fame" />) After a promising start, he became despondent and for some years felt ''Lost in America'' (title of his 1974 memoir published in Yiddish; published in English in 1981). In 1938, he met Alma Wassermann ([[née]] Haimann) (1907–1996), a German-Jewish refugee from [[Munich]]. They married in 1940, and their union seemed to release energy in him; he returned to prolific writing and to contributing to the ''Forward''. In addition to his pen name of "Bashevis", he published under the pen names of "Warszawski" (pron. Varshavsky) during World War II,<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Shmeruk |first1=Chone |last2= Pekal| first2= Anna| title= Isaac Bashevis Singer on Bruno Schulz|date=1991|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25778558|journal=The Polish Review|volume=36|issue=2|pages=161–167|jstor=25778558|issn=0032-2970}}</ref> and "D. Segal".<ref>See both bibliographies (given on this page).</ref> They lived for many years in the [[Belnord]] apartment building on Manhattan's [[Upper West Side]].<ref name=belnord>{{Citation |journal=The City Review |url= http://www.thecityreview.com/uws/bway/belnord.html/ |title=The Belnord |first=Carter B |last=Horsley | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100330034105/http://www.thecityreview.com/uws/bway/belnord.html/ | archive-date = March 30, 2010}}.</ref> He became a US citizen in 1943.<ref name= "Jewish Am Hall Fame" /> In 1981, Singer delivered a commencement address at the [[University at Albany]] and was presented with an honorary doctorate.<ref>{{Citation |title=YouTube |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R4liBfiEdEE | archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/R4liBfiEdEE| archive-date=2021-12-11 | url-status=live|contribution=University at Albany's 137th Annual Commencement |date=May 24, 1981 |format=video}}{{cbignore}}.</ref> Singer died on July 24, 1991, in [[Surfside, Florida]], after suffering a series of [[stroke]]s. He was buried in [[Cedar Park Cemetery, Paramus]], [[New Jersey]].<ref name=nyt1>{{Cite news |first=Robert |last=Strauss |title= Sometimes the Grave Is a Fine and Public Place |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=940DEFD71230F93BA15750C0A9629C8B63 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=March 28, 2004 |access-date= August 21, 2007}}.</ref><ref>{{Cite news |first=Eric |last=Pace |title=Isaac Bashevis Singer, Nobel Laureate for His Yiddish Stories, Is Dead at 87 |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D0CE6D91231F935A15754C0A967958260 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=July 26, 1991 |access-date=April 30, 2008}}.</ref> A street in Surfside, Florida, is named Isaac Singer Boulevard in his honor.
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