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Isar
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==History== [[Image:Isar an der Wittelsbacher Bruecke Muenchen-4.jpg|thumb|250px|The Isar in [[Munich]], near to the [[Deutsches Museum]]]] Among Central European habitats, Alpine rivers are ranked among those most substantially altered by humans over the past hundred years. The Isar Rivers are now protected from development.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Rivers in History: Perspectives on Waterways in Europe and North America |author1= Christof Mauch |author2= Thomas Zeller |publisher= University of Pittsburgh Press| year=2008| isbn=9780822973416| page=212}}</ref> At the lower Isar, between [[Moosburg]] and [[Plattling]], [[gold]] was washed from the river's sediments during the 16th and 17th century. However, there was no big economic revenue in this due to the minor amounts of the metal found in the river.{{citation needed||date=April 2023}} [[Industrialization]] gave rise to a sociotechnical system were the Isar River was economically exploited through multifunctional use. Over forty [[hydropower plant]]s were built on the Isar to electrify Bavaria.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Rivers Lost, Rivers Regained: Rethinking City-River Relations |editor1= Dieter Schott |editor2= Martin Knoll | editor3= Uwe Lubken |publisher= University of Pittsburgh Press| year=2017| isbn=9780822981596| page=}}</ref> Following their executions on October 16, 1946, the ashes of the convicted [[Nazi Party|Nazi]] war criminals [[Joachim von Ribbentrop]], [[Hans Frank]], [[Wilhelm Keitel]], [[Alfred Jodl]], [[Alfred Rosenberg]], [[Ernst Kaltenbrunner]], [[Wilhelm Frick]], [[Arthur Seyss-Inquart]], [[Fritz Sauckel]], and [[Julius Streicher]] were scattered in the Isar, as were those of [[Hermann Göring]] who had committed suicide the previous night in defiance of his scheduled execution.{{citation needed||date=April 2023}} In the 1940s and 1950s, the federal state of Bavaria financed the construction of major hydroelectric power plants, the Sylvenstein reservoir on the Isar was constructed between 1954 and 1959.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Rivers in History: Perspectives on Waterways in Europe and North America |author1= Christof Mauch |author2= Thomas Zeller |publisher= University of Pittsburgh Press| year=2008| isbn=9780822973416| page=212}}</ref> Between 2000 and 2011, the Isarplan was implemented to reduce the risk of flooding. The planning and implementation was the responsibility of the Regional Office for Water Management and the city of [[Munich]]. Embankments were removed and the river bed was widened, establishing connections to surrounding flood plains. Riverbed rock ramps were constructed so that fish could move upstream again.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Nature-Based Solutions to Climate Change Adaptation in Urban Areas |editor1= Aletta Bonn | editor2= Horst Korn | editor3= Jutta Stadler | editor4= Nadja Kabisch |publisher= Springer International Publishing| year=2017| isbn=9783319560915| page=265}}</ref>
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