Editing January 9 (section)

===1601–1900===

* [[1693]] &ndash; [[1693 Sicily earthquake|Sicily earthquake]]: The first of two earthquakes destroys parts of [[Sicily]] and [[Malta]]. After the second quake on 11 January, the death toll is estimated at between 60,000 and 100,000 people.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gates |first1=Alexander E. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b1sXfJCiCHQC |title=Encyclopedia of Earthquakes and Volcanoes |last2=Ritchie |first2=David |date=2007 |publisher=Facts on File |isbn=9780816063024 |location=New York |page=292 |postscript=none}}; {{Cite web |last1=Guidoboni |first1=E. |last2=Ferrari |first2=G. |last3=Mariotti |first3=D. |last4=Comastri |first4=A. |last5=Tarabusi |first5=G. |last6=Sgatoni |first6=G. |last7=Valensise |first7=G. |title=Catalogue of Strong Earthquakes in Italy (461 BC – 1997) and Mediterranean Area (760 B.C. – 1500) |url=http://storing.ingv.it/cfti/cfti5/quake.php?01148IT |access-date=16 January 2020 |publisher=INGV-SGA}}<!--Note firstly that the link takes you to an index map, which can be interrogated for information about individual earthquakes and secondly that this source is occasionally unavailable for weeks at a time, but always comes back eventually--></ref>
*[[1760]] &ndash; [[Ahmad Shah Durrani]] defeats the [[Maratha]]s in the [[Indian Campaign of Ahmad Shah Durrani|Battle of Barari Ghat]].<ref>{{cite book|author=François Xavier Wendel|title=Wendel's memoirs on the origin, growth and present state of Jat power in Hindustan (1768)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DB5uAAAAMAAJ|year=1991|publisher=Institut français de Pondichéry|page=61}}</ref>
*[[1787]] &ndash; The nationally known image of the [[Black Nazarene]] in the [[Philippines]] was transferred from what is now [[Rizal Park]] to its present shrine in the [[minor basilica]] of [[Quiapo Church]]. This is annually commemorated through its ''Traslación'' (solemn transfer) in the streets of [[Manila]] and is attended by millions of devotees.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Valderama Fortunado, Arnulfo |url=https://www.catholicsandcultures.org/philippines/feast-black-nazarene |title=Feast of the Black Nazarene draws millions to Manila's streets |date=7 May 2015 |website=Catholics & Cultures |access-date=28 November 2020 |archive-date=30 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130021234/https://www.catholicsandcultures.org/philippines/feast-black-nazarene |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author=Hermoso, Christina |url=https://mb.com.ph/2020/01/06/black-nazarene-replicas-procession-blessing-to-be-held-tuesday/ |title=Black Nazarene replicas procession, blessing to be held Tuesday |date=6 January 2020 |website=Manila Bulletin |access-date=28 November 2020 |archive-date=14 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514105727/https://mb.com.ph/2020/01/06/black-nazarene-replicas-procession-blessing-to-be-held-tuesday/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://businessmirror.com.ph/2018/01/07/the-black-nazarene/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326160625/https://businessmirror.com.ph/2018/01/07/the-black-nazarene/|url-status=dead|archive-date=March 26, 2023|title=The Black Nazarene &#124; Corazon Damo-Santiago|first=Corazon|last=Damo-Santiago|website=[[BusinessMirror]] |date=7 January 2018}}</ref>
*[[1788]] &ndash; [[Connecticut]] becomes the fifth state to ratify the [[United States Constitution]].<ref>{{cite book|author1=Merrill Jensen|author2=Lucy Trumbull Brown|author3=Robert A. Becker|title=The Documentary History of the First Federal Elections, 1788-1790|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2TVe81_NvVwC&pg=PA5|year=1976|publisher=Univ of Wisconsin Press|isbn=978-0-299-09510-9|pages=5}}</ref>
*[[1792]] &ndash; [[Treaty of Jassy]] between [[Russian Empire|Russian]] and [[Ottoman Empire]] is signed, ending the [[Russo-Turkish War, 1787-1792|Russo-Turkish War of 1787–92]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Henry Morse Stephens|title=Europe, 1789-1815|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ro0tAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA96|year=1894|publisher=Rivington|pages=96}}</ref>
*[[1793]] &ndash; [[Jean-Pierre Blanchard]] becomes the first person to fly in a [[balloon]] in the United States.<ref>{{cite book|author=Robert Sears|title=Sears' Guide to Knowledge|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vyNRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA327|year=1845|publisher=Edward Walker|pages=327}}</ref>
*[[1799]] &ndash; [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|British Prime Minister]] [[William Pitt the Younger]] introduces an [[income tax]] of two [[shilling]]s to the [[pound sterling|pound]] to raise funds for Great Britain's war effort in the [[Napoleonic Wars]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Burns Chronicle and Club Directory|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7o_yAAAAMAAJ|year=1991|publisher=Burns Federation|page=50}}</ref>
*[[1806]] &ndash; [[Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson|Admiral Horatio Lord Nelson]] receives a [[state funeral]] and is interred in [[St Paul's Cathedral]].<ref>{{cite web |title=This month in history: The funeral of Lord Horatio Nelson |url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/all-notices/content/103467 |website=The Gazette |publisher=The Stationery Office |access-date=8 January 2020 |date=8 January 2020 |archive-date=22 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022131254/https://www.thegazette.co.uk/all-notices/content/103467 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[1816]] &ndash; [[Humphry Davy]] tests [[Davy lamp|his safety lamp]] for miners at [[Hebburn Colliery]].<ref>{{cite book|title="Who and What", a Compendium of General Information|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m1gZAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA118|year=1878|publisher=Lippincott|pages=118}}</ref>
*[[1822]] &ndash; The Portuguese prince [[Pedro I of Brazil]] decides to stay in [[Brazil]] against the orders of the Portuguese King [[John VI of Portugal|João VI]], beginning the Brazilian independence process.<ref>{{cite book|author=Joaquim Manuel de Macedo|title=Notions on the Chorography of Brazil|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KCEuAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA21|year=1873|publisher=F. A. Brockhaus|pages=21}}</ref>
*[[1839]] &ndash; The [[French Academy of Sciences]] announces the [[Daguerreotype]] [[photography]] process.<ref>{{cite book|author=Leonard Gaunt|title=The Focal Encyclopedia of Photography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ouxTAAAAMAAJ|year=1969|publisher=Focal Press|page=375|isbn=9780803823327}}</ref>
*[[1857]] &ndash; The 7.9 {{M|w}} [[1857 Fort Tejon earthquake|Fort Tejon earthquake]] shakes [[Central California|Central]] and [[Southern California]] with a maximum [[Mercalli intensity scale|Mercalli intensity]] of IX (''Violent'').<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hough |first1=Susan E. |title=The Really Big One |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2007-jan-07-tm-quake01-story.html |access-date=8 January 2020 |work=Los Angeles Times |date=7 January 2007}}</ref>
*[[1858]] &ndash; British forces finally defeat [[Revolt of Rajab Ali#Defeat|Rajab Ali Khan]] of [[Chittagong]]<ref name=sen>{{Cite book |last=Sen|first=Satyen|language=bn|trans-title=Story of the great rebellion|title=মহাবিদ্রোহের কাহিনী|pages=155–159}}</ref>
*[[1861]] &ndash; [[American Civil War]]: "[[Star of the West]]" incident occurs near [[Charleston, South Carolina]].<ref>{{cite book|author=William H. Roberts|title=Now for the Contest: Coastal and Oceanic Naval Operations in the Civil War|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZwJDUQepcHYC&pg=PA1|date=1 January 2004|publisher=U of Nebraska Press|isbn=0-8032-3861-4|pages=1}}</ref> 
*  1861   &ndash; [[Mississippi]] becomes the [[Mississippi in the American Civil War#Secession and Mississippian politics|second state to secede]] from the [[Union (United States)|Union]] before the outbreak of the American Civil War.<ref>{{cite book|title=Leadership Education and Training (LET) 4: Text|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qmR-XMRfa4AC&pg=PA291|year=2001|publisher=Headquarters, Department of the Army|pages=291}}</ref>
*[[1878]] &ndash; [[Umberto I of Italy|Umberto I]] becomes King of [[Kingdom of Italy|Italy]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Fanny Zampini-Salazar|title=Margherita of Savoy, First Queen of Italy: Her Life and Times|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Agw8KIT70swC|year=1914|publisher=Mills and Boon|page=73}}</ref>