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Jean-Marie Lustiger
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===Early career=== {{Infobox cardinal styles| cardinal name=Jean-Marie Aron Lustiger| dipstyle=His Eminence| offstyle=Your Eminence| See=Paris ([[:wikt:emeritus|emeritus]])|}} Lustiger graduated from the [[University of Paris|Sorbonne]] with a literature degree in 1946. He entered the seminary of the [[Carmelite]] fathers in Paris, and later the [[Institut Catholique de Paris]]. He first visited Israel in 1951. On 17 April 1954 he was [[Holy Orders|ordained]] to the priesthood by Bishop Émile-Arsène Blanchet, [[Rector (academic)|rector]] of the Institut Catholique.<ref name=Fig/> From 1954 to 1959 he was a chaplain at the Sorbonne. For the next ten years, he was the director of Richelieu Centre, which trains university chaplains and counsels lay teachers and students of the ''[[grandes écoles]]'', graduate schools such as the [[École Normale Supérieure Lettres et Sciences Humaines|ÉNS-Fontenay-Saint-Cloud]] or the [[Ecole des Chartes]]. From 1969 to 1979, Lustiger was [[vicar]] of the Parish of [[Sainte-Jeanne-de-Chantal (Paris)|Sainte-Jeanne-de-Chantal]], in the wealthy [[16th arrondissement of Paris]]. His parochial assistant was [[André Vingt-Trois]], who years later would succeed him as Archbishop of Paris. On 10 November 1979, Lustiger was appointed [[Bishop of Orléans]] by Pope [[John Paul II]] after a 15-month vacancy.<ref name=Fig/> John Paul had been advised by Cardinal [[Paolo Bertoli]], who was displeased with a new illustrated [[Catechism]] for French urban youth (''Pierres vivantes'') and was on bad terms with most of the French clergy.<ref name=Terras>Christian Terras, [http://golias-editions.fr/spip.php?article1575 Jean-Marie Lustiger : un colosse aux pieds d’argile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171123091515/http://golias-editions.fr/spip.php?article1575 |date=2017-11-23 }}, 6 August 2007 {{in lang|fr}}</ref> Lustiger received his [[Bishop (Catholicism)|episcopal consecration]] on 8 December 1979 from Cardinal [[François Marty]], with Archbishop Eugène Ernoult of [[Sens]] and Bishop Daniel Pézeril serving as co-consecrators. When installed as bishop, Lustiger avoided all reference to his liberal predecessor [[Guy Riobé|Guy-Marie Riobé]], a pacifist closely allied to [[Catholic Action]].<ref name=Fig/>
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