Editing Jewish views on Jesus (section)

====Oneness and indivisibility of God====
{{See also|God in Judaism|Godhead in Judaism|Shema Yisrael|Shituf}}
In Judaism, the idea of God as a [[Dualism in cosmology|duality]] or trinity is [[heretical]] – it is even considered by some [[polytheistic]].<ref>The concept of Trinity is incompatible with Judaism:
* [http://www.jewsforjudaism.org/web/faq/faq-tr.html Response - Reference Center - FAQ - Proof Texts - Trinity] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070609103604/http://www.jewsforjudaism.org/web/faq/faq-tr.html |date=2007-06-09 }}  (Jews for Judaism)
* [http://www.outreachjudaism.org/trinity.html The Trinity in the Shema?] by Rabbi Singer (outreachjudaism.org)
* [http://www.religionfacts.com/christianity/beliefs/trinity.htm The Doctrine of the Trinity] (religionfacts.com)</ref> According to Judaic beliefs, the [[Torah]] rules out a trinitarian God in [[Deuteronomy]] (6:4): "Hear Israel, [[Tetragrammaton|the LORD]] is our God, the LORD is one."

Judaism teaches that it is heretical for any man to claim to be God, part of God, or the literal son of God. The [[Jerusalem Talmud]] states explicitly: "If a man claims to be God, he is a liar."<ref>[[Ta'anit (Talmud)|Ta'anit]] 2:1</ref>

[[Paul Johnson (writer)|Paul Johnson]], in his book ''A History of the Jews'', describes the [[Split of early Christianity and Judaism|schism between Jews and Christians]] caused by a divergence from this principle:
<blockquote>
To the question, Was Jesus God or man?, the Christians therefore answered: both. After 70 AD, their answer was unanimous and increasingly emphatic. This made a complete breach with Judaism inevitable.<ref>{{cite book
 |last= Johnson
 |first=Paul
 |author-link=Paul Johnson (writer)
 |title=A History of the Jews
 |year=1987
 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/historyofjews00john/page/144 144]
 |publisher=HarperCollins
 |isbn=0-06-091533-1
 |url-access=registration
 |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofjews00john/page/144
 }}</ref></blockquote>

In the 12th century, the preeminent Jewish scholar [[Maimonides]] codified core principles of Modern Judaism, writing "[God], the Cause of all, is one. This does not mean one as in one of a pair, nor one like a species (which encompasses many individuals), nor one as in an object that is made up of many elements, nor as a single simple object that is infinitely divisible. Rather, God is a unity unlike any other possible unity."<ref>[[Maimonides]], [[Mishneh Torah]] ''Madda'' ''Yesodei ha-Torah'' 1:5</ref> Some Orthodox Jewish scholars note that the common poetic Jewish expression, "Our Father in Heaven", was used literally by Jesus to refer to God as "his Father in Heaven" (cf. [[Lord's Prayer]]).<ref name = "Kaplan33">{{cite book
| last = Kaplan
| first = Aryeh
| author-link = Aryeh Kaplan
| title = The Real Messiah? A Jewish Response to Missionaries
| orig-year = 1976
| year = 1985
| publisher = [[National Conference of Synagogue Youth]]
| location = New York
| isbn = 1-879016-11-7
| page = 33
| chapter = From Messiah to Christ
| quote = During his lifetime, Jesus often spoke of God as "my Father in Heaven." For the Jews, this was a common poetic expression, and one that is still used in Jewish prayers. For the pagan gentiles, however, it had a much more literal connotation.
}}
</ref>