Editing July 1 (section)

===1601–1900===
*[[1643]] &ndash; First meeting of the [[Westminster Assembly]], a council of theologians ("divines") and members of the [[Parliament of England]] appointed to restructure the [[Church of England]], at [[Westminster Abbey]] in London.
*[[1690]] &ndash; [[War of the Grand Alliance]]: [[François-Henri de Montmorency, duc de Luxembourg|Marshal de Luxembourg]] triumphs over an Anglo-Dutch army at the [[Battle of Fleurus (1690)|battle of Fleurus]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Lynn|first=John A.|title=The Wars of Louis XIV, 1667–1714|publisher=Longman|date=1999|isbn=0-582-05629-2|page=207}}</ref>
*[[1690]] &ndash; [[Glorious Revolution]]: [[Battle of the Boyne]] in Ireland (as reckoned under the [[Julian calendar]]).
*[[1766]] &ndash; [[François-Jean de la Barre]], a young French nobleman, is tortured and beheaded before his body is burnt on a [[pyre]] along with a copy of [[Voltaire]]'s ''[[Dictionnaire philosophique]]'' nailed to his torso for the crime of not saluting a [[Roman Catholic]] religious procession in [[Abbeville]], France.
*[[1770]] &ndash; [[Lexell's Comet]] is seen closer to the Earth than any other comet in recorded history, approaching to a distance of {{convert|0.0146|AU|lk=in}}.
*[[1782]] &ndash; [[Raid on Lunenburg, Nova Scotia (1782)|Raid on Lunenburg]]: American [[privateer]]s attack the British settlement of [[Lunenburg, Nova Scotia]].
*[[1819]] &ndash; [[Johann Georg Tralles]] discovers the [[Great Comet of 1819]], (C/1819 N1). It is the first comet analyzed using [[polarimetry]], by [[François Arago]].
*[[1823]] &ndash; The five Central American nations of Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica declare independence from the [[First Mexican Empire]] after being [[Central America under Mexican rule|annexed]] the year prior.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Stanger|first1=Francis Merriman|date=February 1932|title=National Origins in Central America|journal=The Hispanic American Historical Review|language=en|publisher=[[Duke University Press]]|volume=12|issue=1|doi=10.2307/2506428|jstor=2506428|pages=40–41}}</ref>
*[[1837]] &ndash; A system of [[civil registration]] of births, marriages and deaths is established in England and Wales.
*[[1841]] &ndash; [[Thomas Lempriere]] and [[James Clark Ross]] carve a marker on the [[Isle of the Dead (Tasmania)|Isle of the Dead]] in [[Van Diemen's Land]] to measure tidal variations, one of the earliest surviving benchmarks for [[sea level rise]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.naa.gov.au/blog/can-archives-help-us-measure-climate-change|title=Can archives help us measure climate change?|first=Peter|last=Hobbins|publisher=National Archives of Australia|access-date=19 May 2024|date=10 October 2019}}</ref>
*[[1855]] &ndash; Signing of the [[Quinault Treaty]]: The [[Quinault people|Quinault]] and the [[Quileute]] cede their land to the United States.
*[[1858]] &ndash; Joint reading of [[Charles Darwin]] and [[Alfred Russel Wallace]]'s papers on [[evolution]] to the [[Linnean Society of London]].
*[[1862]] &ndash; The [[Russian State Library]] is founded as the Library of the Moscow Public Museum.
*  1862   &ndash; [[Princess Alice of the United Kingdom]], second daughter of Queen Victoria, marries Prince Louis of Hesse, the future [[Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse]].
*  1862   &ndash; [[American Civil War]]: The [[Battle of Malvern Hill]] takes place. It is the last of the [[Seven Days Battles]], part of [[George B. McClellan]]'s [[Peninsula Campaign]].
*[[1863]] &ndash; Slavery was abolished in the Dutch colony of [[Surinam (Dutch colony)|Surinam]], a date now celebrated as [[Ketikoti]] in independent [[Suriname]].
*  1863   &ndash; American Civil War: The [[Battle of Gettysburg]] begins.<ref>{{cite book|last=McPherson|first=James M.|title=Battle Cry of Freedom|location=New York|publisher=Oxford University Press|date=2003|isbn=9780195168952|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GXfGuNAvm7AC|pages=653–655}}</ref>
*[[1867]] &ndash; The [[Constitution Act, 1867|''British North America Act'']] takes effect as the [[Province of Canada]], [[New Brunswick]], and [[Nova Scotia]] [[Canadian Confederation|join into confederation]] to create the modern nation of Canada. [[John A. Macdonald]] is sworn in as the first [[Prime Minister of Canada]]. This date is commemorated annually in Canada as [[Canada Day]], a national holiday.
*[[1870]] &ndash; The [[United States Department of Justice]] formally comes into existence.
*[[1873]] &ndash; [[Prince Edward Island]] joins into [[Canadian Confederation]].
*[[1874]] &ndash; The [[Sholes and Glidden typewriter]], the first commercially successful [[typewriter]], goes on sale.
*[[1878]] &ndash; Canada joins the [[Universal Postal Union]].
*[[1879]] &ndash; [[Charles Taze Russell]] publishes the first edition of the religious magazine ''[[The Watchtower]]''.
*[[1881]] &ndash; The world's first international [[telephone call]] is made between [[St. Stephen, New Brunswick]], Canada, and [[Calais, Maine]], United States.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.famousdaily.com/history/worlds-first-international-telephone-call.html|title=First international phone call|website=Famousdaily.com|access-date=2016-07-08}}</ref>
* 1881 &ndash; General Order 70, the culmination of the [[Cardwell Reforms|Cardwell]] and [[Childers Reforms|Childers]] reforms of the [[British Army]], comes into effect.
*[[1885]] &ndash; The United States terminates [[reciprocity (Canadian politics)|reciprocity]] and [[fishery]] agreement with Canada.
*  1885   &ndash; The [[Congo Free State]] is established by King [[Leopold II of Belgium]].<ref>{{cite EB1911|wstitle=Congo Free State}}</ref>
*[[1890]] &ndash; Canada and [[Bermuda]] are linked by [[telegraphy|telegraph]] cable.
*[[1898]] &ndash; [[Spanish–American War]]: The [[Battle of San Juan Hill]] is fought in [[Santiago de Cuba]], [[Cuba]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Keenan|first1=Jerry|last2=Tucker|first2=Spencer C.|chapter=San Juan Heights, Battle of|title=The Encyclopedia of the Spanish–American and Philippine–American Wars: A Political, Social, and Military History|editor-last=Tucker|editor-first=Spencer|location=Santa Barbara, Calif.|publisher=ABC-CLIO|date=2009|isbn=9781851099511|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8V3vZxOmHssC|page=574|postscript=none}}; {{cite book|last=Trask|first=David F.|title=The War With Spain in 1898|location=Lincoln, Neb.|publisher=University of Nebraska Press|date=1996|isbn=9780803294295|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2f0Gf0DQfmUC|pages=237–246}}</ref>