Editing July 4 (section)

===1601–1900===
*[[1610]] &ndash; The [[Battle of Klushino]] is fought between forces of the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]] and [[Tsardom of Russia|Russia]] during the [[Polish–Russian War (1609–1618)|Polish–Russian War]].
*[[1634]] &ndash; The city of [[Trois-Rivières]] is founded in [[New France]] (now Quebec, Canada).
*[[1744]] &ndash; The [[Treaty of Lancaster]], in which the [[Iroquois]] cede lands between the [[Allegheny Mountains]] and the [[Ohio River]] to the British colonies, was signed in [[Lancaster, Pennsylvania]].
*[[1774]] &ndash; [[Orangetown Resolutions]] are adopted in the [[Province of New York]], one of many protests against the [[Parliament of Great Britain|British Parliament]]'s [[Coercive Acts]].
*[[1776]] &ndash; [[American Revolution]]: The [[United States Declaration of Independence]] is adopted by the [[Second Continental Congress]].
*[[1778]] &ndash; [[American Revolutionary War]]: U.S. forces under [[George Rogers Clark|George Clark]] capture [[Kaskaskia, Illinois|Kaskaskia]] during the [[Illinois campaign]].
*[[1802]] &ndash; The [[United States Military Academy]] opens at [[West Point, New York]].
*[[1803]] &ndash; The [[Louisiana Purchase]] is announced to the American people.
*[[1817]] &ndash; In [[Rome, New York]], construction on the [[Erie Canal]] begins.
*[[1818]] &ndash; [[Flag Acts|US Flag Act of 1818]] goes into effect creating a 13 stripe flag with a star for each state. New stars would be added on July 4 after a new state had been admitted.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2017/04/congress-redesigns-us-flag-april-4-1818-236803|title=Congress redesigns U.S. flag, April 4, 1818|first=Andrew|last=Glass|date=April 4, 2017|website=POLITICO}}</ref>
*[[1827]] &ndash; [[Slavery in the United States|Slavery]] is abolished in the [[New York (state)|State of New York]].
*[[1831]] &ndash; [[Samuel Francis Smith]] writes "[[America (My Country, 'Tis of Thee)|My Country, 'Tis of Thee]]" for the Boston, Massachusetts July 4 festivities.
*[[1832]] &ndash; [[John Neal]] delivers the first public lecture in the US to advocate the rights of women.<ref>{{cite book | last = Weyler | first = Karen A. | editor2-last = Carlson | editor2-first = David J. | editor1-last = Watts | editor1-first = Edward | chapter = Chapter 11: John Neal and the Early Discourse of American Women's Rights | page = 248 | title = John Neal and Nineteenth Century American Literature and Culture | publisher = Bucknell University Press | location = Lewisburg, Pennsylvania | year = 2012 | isbn = 978-1-61148-420-5}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last = Sears | first = Donald A. | title = John Neal | publisher = Twayne Publishers | location = Boston, Massachusetts | year = 1978 | isbn = 080-5-7723-08 | page = 98}}</ref>
*[[1832]] &ndash; [[Durham University]] established by [[Act of Parliament (UK)|Act of Parliament]]; the first recognized university to be founded in [[England]] since [[University of Cambridge|Cambridge]] over 600 years earlier.<ref>{{cite book|title=Redbrick: A Social and Architectural History of Britain's Civic Universities|page=33|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M9fhBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA33|author=William Whyte|date=2015|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780198716129}}</ref>
*[[1837]] &ndash; [[Grand Junction Railway]], the world's first long-distance railway, opens between [[Birmingham]] and [[Liverpool]].
*[[1838]] &ndash; The [[Iowa Territory]] is organized.
*[[1845]] &ndash; [[Henry David Thoreau]] moves into a small cabin on [[Walden Pond]] in Concord, Massachusetts. Thoreau's account of his two years there, ''[[Walden]]'', will become a touchstone of the environmental movement.
*[[1855]] &ndash; The first edition of [[Walt Whitman]]'s book of poems, ''[[Leaves of Grass]]'', is published in [[Brooklyn]].<!-- before NYC existed -->
*[[1862]] &ndash; [[Lewis Carroll]] tells [[Alice Liddell]] a story that would grow into ''[[Alice's Adventures in Wonderland]]'' and its sequels.
*[[1863]] &ndash; [[American Civil War]]: [[Siege of Vicksburg]]: The [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] army in [[Vicksburg, Mississippi]] surrenders to [[Union (American Civil War)|Union]] forces under [[Ulysses S. Grant]] after 47 days of siege, contributing to the Union capture of the [[Mississippi River]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Vicksburg|url=https://www.battlefields.org/learn/civil-war/battles/vicksburg|website=Battlefields.org|publisher=American Battlefield Trust|access-date=May 17, 2024}}</ref>
*  1863   &ndash; American Civil War: Union forces repulse a Confederate army at the [[Battle of Helena]] in Arkansas. The battle thwarts a Rebel attempt to relieve pressure on the besieged city of Vicksburg, and paves the way for the Union capture of [[Little Rock, Arkansas|Little Rock]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Battle of Helena|url=https://encyclopediaofarkansas.net/entries/battle-of-helena-1129/|author=Matthew W. Taylor|website=EncyclopediaOfArkansas.net|publisher=Central Arkansas Library System Encyclopedia of Arkansas|date=June 16, 2023|access-date=May 17, 2024}}</ref>
*  1863   &ndash; American Civil War: [[Retreat from Gettysburg]]: The Confederate [[Army of Northern Virginia]] under [[Robert E. Lee]] [[Battle of Gettysburg#Confederate retreat|withdraws from the battlefield]] after losing the [[Battle of Gettysburg]], signaling an end to his last [[Gettysburg campaign|invasion]] of the [[Northern United States#American Civil War|North]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Gettysburg Overview|url=https://www.nps.gov/gett/learn/historyculture/gettysburg-overview.htm|website=NPS.gov|publisher=National Park Service|date=October 6, 2022|access-date=May 17, 2024}}</ref>
*[[1879]] &ndash; [[Anglo-Zulu War]]: The Zululand capital of [[Ulundi]] is captured by British troops and burned to the ground, ending the war and forcing King [[Cetshwayo]] to flee.
*[[1881]] &ndash; In [[Alabama]], the [[Tuskegee Institute]] opens.
*[[1886]] &ndash; The [[Canadian Pacific Railway]]'s first scheduled train from Montreal arrives in [[Port Moody]] on the Pacific coast, after six days of travel.
*[[1887]] &ndash; The founder of [[Pakistan]], [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah|Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah]], joins [[Sindh-Madrasa-tul-Islam]], [[Karachi]].
*[[1892]] &ndash; [[Western Samoa]] changes the [[International Date Line]], causing Monday (July 4) to occur twice, resulting in a leap year with 367 days.
*[[1894]] &ndash; The short-lived [[Republic of Hawaii]] is proclaimed by [[Sanford B. Dole]].
*[[1898]] &ndash; En route from New York to [[Le Havre]], the [[SS La Bourgogne|SS ''La Bourgogne'']] collides with another ship and sinks off the coast of [[Sable Island]], with the loss of 549 lives.