Editing Kernel panic (section)

==Operating system specifics==

===Linux===
{{See also|kdump (Linux)}}
[[File:Kernel panic message.png|thumb|Kernel panic as seen on an iKVM console]]
[[File:Drm panic message.png|thumb|Kernel panic with drm_panic enabled]]
[[File:Drm panic with qr code.png|thumb|Kernel Panic with drm_panic enabled supporting logging to QR Codes]]

Kernel panics appear in [[Linux]] like in other [[Unix-like]] systems; however, serious but non-fatal errors can generate another kind of error condition, known as a [[Linux kernel oops|kernel oops]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://lwn.net/images/pdf/LDD3/ch04.pdf|title=''Linux Device Drivers'', Chapter 4|access-date=July 21, 2016|archive-date=November 14, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141114011920/http://lwn.net/images/pdf/LDD3/ch04.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> In this case, the kernel normally continues to run after [[kill (Unix)|killing]] the offending [[process (computing)|process]]. As an oops could cause some subsystems or resources to become unavailable, they can later lead to a full kernel panic.

On Linux, a kernel panic causes keyboard LEDs to blink as a visual indication of a critical condition.<ref>{{cite book
 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=FyRhZJ3h3VQC&q=linux+kernel+panic+keyboard+led+blinking&pg=PA62
 | title = Linux Troubleshooting for System Administrators and Power Users
 | date = May 2006
 | access-date = 2016-02-05
 | author1 = James Kirkland
 | author2 = David Carmichael
 | author3 = Christopher L. Tinker
 | author4 = Gregory L. Tinker
 | publisher = [[Prentice Hall]]
 | page = 62
 | isbn = 9780132797399
 | archive-date = April 1, 2024
 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240401232239/https://books.google.com/books?id=FyRhZJ3h3VQC&q=linux+kernel+panic+keyboard+led+blinking&pg=PA62#v=snippet&q=linux%20kernel%20panic%20keyboard%20led%20blinking&f=false
 | url-status = live
 }}</ref>

As of Linux 6.10, drm_panic was merged allowing [[Direct Rendering Manager|DRM]] drivers to support drawing a panic screen to inform the user that a panic occurred. This allows a panic screen to appear even when a display server was running when the panic occurred.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Changes/EnableDrmPanic |title=Changes/EnableDrmPanic |work=Fedora Project Wiki}}</ref>

As of Linux 6.12, drm_panic was extended where the stack trace can be encoded as a [[QR code]].<ref>{{cite mailing list |url=https://lore.kernel.org/dri-devel/20240829144654.GA145538@linux.fritz.box/ |title=[PULL] drm-misc-next |author=Thomas Zimmermann |date=29 August 2024 |mailing-list=dri-devel}}</ref>

===macOS===
When a kernel panic occurs in [[macOS|Mac OS X]] 10.2 through 10.7, the computer displays a multilingual message informing the user that they need to reboot the system.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://support.apple.com/kb/TS3742|title=OS X: About kernel panics - Apple Support|website=support.apple.com|archive-date=May 21, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130521042317/http://support.apple.com/kb/TS3742|url-status=dead}}</ref> Prior to 10.2, a more traditional Unix-style panic message was displayed; in 10.8 and later, the computer automatically reboots and the message is only displayed as a skippable warning afterward. The format of the message varies from version to version:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://osxbook.com/book/bonus/chapter5/panic/|title=A New Screen of Death for Mac OS X|website=OSXBook.com|access-date=April 30, 2011|archive-date=May 1, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120501191934/http://osxbook.com/book/bonus/chapter5/panic/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

* 10.0&ndash;10.1: The system displays text on the screen, giving details about the error, and becomes unresponsive.
* 10.2: Rolls down a black transparent curtain then displays a message on a white background informing the user that they should restart the computer. The message is shown in [[English language|English]], [[French language|French]], [[German language|German]] and [[Japanese language|Japanese]].
* 10.3&ndash;10.5: Similar to 10.2, but the background of the error message is dark grey.
* 10.6&ndash;10.7: The text has been revised and now includes a [[Spanish language|Spanish]] translation.
* 10.8 and later: The computer becomes unresponsive before it immediately reboots. After restarting, it shows a message for a few seconds informing the user that a problem caused the computer to restart, before continuing to boot. The message now includes a [[Chinese language|Chinese]] translation.

If five new kernel panics occur within three minutes of the first one, the Mac will display a [[No symbol|prohibitory sign]] for thirty seconds, and then shut down; this is known as a "recurring kernel panic".<ref>{{cite web |title=OS X: About kernel panics |url=https://support.apple.com/en-us/TS3742 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180524032449/https://support.apple.com/en-us/TS3742 |archive-date=May 24, 2018 |website=Apple Support |publisher=Apple}}</ref>

In all versions above 10.2, the text is superimposed on a [[Power symbol|standby symbol]] and is not full screen. Debugging information is saved in [[Non-volatile random-access memory|NVRAM]] and written to a log file on reboot. In 10.7 there is a feature to automatically restart after a kernel panic. In some cases, on 10.2 and later, white text detailing the error may appear in addition to the standby symbol.

<gallery>
File:Mac OS X 10.0 10.1 Kernel Panic.jpg|Mac OS X 10.0&ndash;10.1 kernel panic
File:Mac OS X 10.2 Kernel Panic.jpg|Mac OS X 10.2 kernel panic
File:MacOSX kernel panic.png|Mac OS X 10.3&ndash;10.5 kernel panic
File:Panic10.6.png|[[Mac OS X 10.6]] and 10.7 kernel panic
File:OS X Mountain Lion kernel panic.jpg|Message shown after a system restart due to a kernel panic in [[OS X 10.8]] and later versions
</gallery>