Editing Knights of the Round Table (section)

== Selected members ==
{{See also|Accolon|Agravain|King Arthur|Bagdemagus|Bedivere|Bors|Brunor|Cador|Caradoc|Dagonet|Dinadan|Feirefiz|Gaheris|Galahad|Galehaut|Gareth|Gawain|Geraint|Gingalain|Hoel|Sir Kay|Lamorak|Lancelot|Sir Lionel|Maleagant|Mordred|Palamedes (Arthurian legend)|Pelleas|Pellinore|Percival|Sagramore|Tristan|Urien|Yvain}}

=== Aglovale ===
[[File:Blason imaginaire d'Agloval de Listenois.svg|thumb|upright|left|The [[attributed arms]] of Agloval]]

'''Aglovale de Galis''' (''Agglovale'', ''Aglaval[e]'', ''Agloval'', ''Aglován'', ''Aglovaus'', etc.; -''de Galles'', -''le Gallois'', -''de Listenois'') is the eldest legitimate son of [[King Pellinore]] of Galis ([[Wales in the Middle Ages|Wales]]), introduced in the [[Vulgate Cycle|Vulgate ''Lancelot'']]. Like his father and his brothers (who may include [[#Drian|Drian]], [[Lamorak]], the original Grail hero [[Perceval]], and [[Sir Tor|Tor]]), he is a Knight of the [[Round Table]]. According to the [[Post-Vulgate Cycle|Post Vulgate Cycle]], and [[Thomas Malory]]'s ''[[Le Morte d'Arthur]]'', Aglovale is the one who brings his long lost brother Percival to [[Camelot]] to be knighted after meeting him by chance in Perceval's woods. In an alternative account in the ''Livre d'Artus'' version of the [[Vulgate Cycle|Vulgate ''Merlin'']], the young Agloval has all of his fourteen brothers killed during the Saxon wars by the forces of King [[Rions]]' relative King Agrippa in their attack on his mother's domain.

[[File:Queen Guenever's Peril.png|thumb|upright|"Queen Guenever's Peril." Alfred Kappes's illustration for ''[[The Boy's King Arthur]]'' (1880)]]

In the ''Livre d'Artus'', Agloval then accompanies [[Gawain]] and [[Sagramore]] in leading an army that defeats the invaders, personally slaying Agrippa but suffering severe wounds. In the Third (Manessier's) Continuation of ''[[Perceval, the Story of the Grail|Perceval]]'', Agloval dies seven years after Percival became the Grail King, causing Percival's retirement to a hermitage to grieve for his final ten years.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z0PoCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA555|title = The Complete Story of the Grail: Chrétien de Troyes' Perceval and Its Continuations|isbn = 9781843844006|last1 = de Troyes|first1 = Chrétien|year = 2015| publisher=Boydell & Brewer }}</ref> In the [[Vulgate Cycle]], Aglovale dies accidentally at Gawain's hand during the Quest for the [[Holy Grail]]. However, the rewrite in the Post-Vulgate ''Queste'' turns it into a deliberate murder, a part of the Orkney clan's long vendetta for the death of [[King Lot]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=klsMZ41xAREC&pg=PA67|title=Lancelot-Grail|year=2010|isbn=9781843842385|last1=Lacy|first1=Norris J.|publisher=Boydell & Brewer }}</ref> In Malory, he is among the knights charged by [[King Arthur]] with defending the execution of [[Guinevere]], and is killed by unknown hand during the bloody melee when [[Lancelot]] and his men rescue the queen.

Aglovale appears prominently in the Dutch romance ''[[Moriaen]]'', in which '''Acglavael''' visits [[Moors|Moorish]] lands in Africa and meets a Christian princess whom he conceives a child with. He returns home and, thirteen years later, his son Morien comes to find him after which they both return to Morien's lands. In modern works, Aglovale is the eponymous protagonist of [[Clemence Housman]]'s 1905 novel ''The Life of Sir Aglovale de Galis''. {{Clear left}}

=== Arthur the Less ===
[[File:Armes imaginaires de Arthur Le Petit - variante 4.1.svg|thumb|upright|left|The arms of Arthur le Petit]]

'''Arthur the Less''' or '''Arthur the Little''' (''Arthur le Petit'') is an illegitimate son of King Arthur ("Arthur the Great") found only in the [[Post-Vulgate Cycle]]. After Arthur forces himself on a daughter of a knight named Tanas, he orders the child to be named either Guenevere or Arthur the Less.<ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9ufgmo5uY14C&pg=PA221 |title = Lancelot-Grail: The post-Vulgate Quest for the Holy Grail & the post-Vulgate Death of Arthur|isbn = 9781843842330|last1 = Lacy|first1 = Norris J.|last2 = Asher|first2 = Martha|year = 2010| publisher=Boydell & Brewer }}</ref> Having been abandoned and raised by a foster mother, the boy appears at Arthur's court on the eve of the [[Grail Quest]] when his arrival is miraculously prophesied at the [[Round Table]]. He is knighted by [[Tristan]] and soon proves to be superior to even [[Gawain]] and [[Percival]], defeating both of them. However, he is publicly known only as the '''Unknown Knight''', keeping his lineage secret as to not shame his father with the story of his mother's rape. Loyal to King Arthur (who is eventually informed about his son's identity by [[Morgan le Fay|Morgan]]), he fights in the late wars against domestic and foreign enemies, and is one of [[Galahad]]'s companions during the Grail Quest. After his father's death [[Battle of Camlann|at Salisbury]], Arthur the Less is a candidate for the heir of throne of [[Logres]], however, he obsessively hates [[Lancelot]]'s renegade faction, blaming them for the disaster. When soon defeated by [[Bleoberis]] in a duel to the death, he curses the entire kingdom in his dying breath. His curse manifests itself through [[King Mark]]'s devastating invasion which destroys almost all remnants of King Arthur's rule.<ref>{{cite journal
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200908131942/http://www.reading.ac.uk/web/files/GCMS/RMS-2012-02_A._Putter,_Arthur's_Children_in_Le_Petit_Bruit_and_the_Post-Vulgate_Cycle.pdf
| archive-date = 8 September 2020
| url = http://www.reading.ac.uk/web/files/GCMS/RMS-2012-02_A._Putter,_Arthur's_Children_in_Le_Petit_Bruit_and_the_Post-Vulgate_Cycle.pdf
| title= Arthur's Children in Le Petit Bruit and the Post-Vulgate Cycle
| url-status= unfit
| journal= Reading Medieval Studies
| volume= 38 | year = 2012
| last = Putter | first = Ad
| publisher= University of Reading Press
| pages= 25–42
}}</ref>{{Clear left}}

=== Bleoberis ===
[[File:Blason imaginaire de Blanor et de Blioberis.svg|thumb|upright|left|The attributed arms of Blioberis, shared with his brother Blamor]]

'''Bleoberis de Ganis''' is a Knight of the [[Round Table]] from the land of Ganis (variants ''Ganes'', ''Gannes'', ''Gaunes'', ''Gaunnes''; meaning probably [[Gaul]] or perhaps [[Vannes]]), who was first mentioned by [[Chrétien de Troyes]] in his ''[[Erec and Enide]]'', named therein as '''Bliobleheris''' ([[Wendelin Foerster]]'s choice; manuscript variants ''Bleob[l]eris'', ''Bleosblieris'', ''Blioberis'', ''Bliobeheri'', ''Blios Blieris''<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NWBbDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA41 | title=Bliocadran: A Prologue to the Perceval of Chrétien de Troyes; Edition and Critical Study | isbn=978-3-11-132825-6 | last1=Wolfgang | first1=Lenora D. | date=2014 | publisher=Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG }}</ref>). He has since appeared by a large number of variations of his name and character in many subsequent works, including as split between '''Barant le Apres''' (''Berrant'') and '''Bleoberys''' (''Bleoberis'', ''Bleoboris'', ''Bleoheris'') in [[Thomas Malory]]'s ''[[Le Morte d'Arthur]]''; as '''Bleobleheris''' (''Bliobliheri'') and '''Bleheris''' in respectively the First and the Second Continuation of ''[[Perceval, the Story of the Grail|Perceval]]''; as two different characters named Bleheris and '''Blidoblidas''' in ''{{ill|Mériadeuc|fr|Le Chevalier aux deux épées}}''; as split between '''Bleherris''' and '''Bleoberiis''' in ''[[Of Arthour and of Merlin]]''; as '''Bleoris''' in [[Henry Lovelich]]'s ''Merlin''; as '''Bleos von Bliriers''' in ''[[Diu Crône]]''; as '''Bleriz''' in ''{{ill|Povest' o Tryshchane|be|Аповесць пра Трышчана}}''; as '''Bliobleherin''' in the German ''[[Erec (poem)|Erec]]''; as '''Bliobleeris''' in ''[[La Vengeance Raguidel]]''; as '''Bliobleris de Gannes''' (''Biblioberis'', ''Bla[h]aris'', ''Bleob[l]eris'', ''Bleobleheris'', ''Bleosblieris'', ''Bliaires'', ''Blihoble[h]eris'', ''Bliobeheri'', ''Blioberis'', ''Blyob[l]eris''; -''de Ga[u]n[n]es'') in the 13th-century French prose cycles; as '''Blioblieris''' in both ''[[Le Bel Inconnu]]'' and ''[[Wigalois]]''; as '''Bréri''' in ''Tristan'' by [[Thomas of Britain]]; as '''Briobris''' in ''[[La Tavola Ritonda]]''; as '''Pleherin''' in ''[[Tristrant]]''; and as '''Plihopliherî''' (''Plihophiheri'', ''Plihopliheri'') in ''[[Parzival]]''.

Bleoberis features as a major character in the later romances from the French prose cycles and their adaptations, in which he is portrayed as one of the cousins of the hero [[Lancelot]]. There he is son of Nestor de Gaunes and godson of Lancelot's father [[King Bors]], as well as brother of his fellow Round Table companion Blamo[u]r[e] (''Blanor[e]''). In the [[Vulgate Cycle|Vulgate]] ''Merlin'', the ''[[Lancelot-Grail|Livre d'Arthur]]'', and ''Arthour and Merlin'', Bleoberis fights alongside his brother Blamoure in the wars against the rebel kings at [[Bedegraine]], against the Saxons at [[Cameliard]], and against King [[Claudas]] in the [[Wasteland (mythology)|Wasteland]]; the latter earns him his nickname "of the Wasteland" (de la Deserte). In both the Vulgate and [[Post-Vulgate]] versions of the ''Queste'', as well as in the [[Prose Tristan|Prose ''Tristan'']], he participates in the [[Grail Quest]]. In Malory, he is the lord of the Castle of Gannis in Britain. In the Vulgate and the works based on it, Lancelot eventually makes him the Duke of [[Poitiers]] for his part in saving [[Guinevere]], after which Bleoberis becomes an important leader in Lancelot's war against Arthur and Gawain. In the Post-Vulgate ''Mort'', he returns to Britain and arrives at [[Salisbury]] after [[Battle of Camlann|the battle]] to destroy the corpse of [[Mordred]] and build the Tower of the Dead. While searching for Lancelot, he meets Arthur's vengeful son [[King Arthur's family|Arthur the Less]] (himself a member of the Round Table as the Unknown Knight), whom he kills in self-defence. Finding Lancelot at a hermitage with the former [[Archbishop of Canterbury]], he joins them; after Lancelot's death, Bleoberis buries his body at [[Joyous Gard]]. In Malory, Bleoberis and his brother first live as monks together with Lancelot and the rest of his kinsmen at [[Glastonbury Tor]], then leave on a crusade and together die in battle in [[Jerusalem]].

He also appears in some tales as an opponent whom the story's hero must overcome during the course of a quest or an adventure. In the Prose ''Tristan'', Bleoberis abducts [[Segwarides]]' wife from [[King Mark]]'s court, and fights for her against first Segwarides and later the protagonist [[Tristan]]. In ''Wigalois'', one of the challenges faced by the protagonist Wigalois (Gawain's son, [[Gingalain]]) is to defeat Bleoberis, the fierce guardian of the Perilous Ford. He is similarly the first adversary conquered by Gawain's son Guinglan in ''Le Bel Inconnu''. In ''Parzival'', [[Orgeluse]]'s suitor boasts of having him either slain or defeated but spared (depending on interpretation of the text). In ''Tristrant'', he is one of King Mark's vassals and an enemy of Tristan, who brutally kills him during his escape from Mark's court.

His name may have been derived from the 12th-century Welsh storyteller known in French as Bledhericus, Bleheris or Blihis (Blihos) Bliheris (possibly [[Bledri ap Cydifor]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_p3vVQ7ZxIYC&pg=PA20|title=Tristan|isbn=9780521408523|last1=Chinca|first1=Mark|date= 1997|publisher=Cambridge University Press }}</ref>),<ref>{{cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f9cQAAAAIAAJ | title=Speculum | last1=Rand | first1=Edward Kennard | date=1926 }}</ref> who is mentioned in several texts, including being credited by both Thomas of Britain and [[Wauchier de Denain]] as the original source of their early Arthurian poems. References to the narrative authority of one Master Blihis (''Maistre Blihis'') repeat throughout the ''[[Elucidation]]'', wherein the character named '''Blihos Bliheris''' also appears appears as knight.

=== Brandelis ===
[[File:Armes imaginaires de Brandelis - variante 1.svg|thumb|upright|left|Brandelis' attributed arms]]

'''Brandelis''' (or similar) is the name of a number of Arthurian romance characters, including multiple Knights of the [[Round Table]] from the French prose tradition. As in the case of several other Arthurian characters, such as [[King Ban]], they might have been derived from the Welsh mythology's figure of [[Brân]].<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mjsWsH6tKwUC&pg=PA199 | title=Paganism in Arthurian Romance | isbn=978-0-85991-426-0 | last1=Darrah | first1=John | date=1997 | publisher=Boydell & Brewer }}</ref>

The best known of these characters was originally known as '''Bran de Lis''' (''Brans'', ''Bras'', ''Brun''; -''de Lys''), a character related to one of the mothers of the illegitimate sons of [[Gawain]]. Bran first appears in the First Continuation of Chrétien's ''[[Perceval]]'' as one of the brothers of the Tent Maiden (Guilorete<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bDxW5qnA01UC&pg=PA108 | title=Chrétien Continued: A Study of the Conte du Graal and its Verse Continuations | isbn=978-0-19-156526-7 | last1=Bruckner | first1=Matilda Tomaryn | date=15 January 2009 | publisher=Oxford University Press }}</ref>) of the Castle Lis, the mother of Gawain's son Lionel (''Lioniaus''). After Gawain had slain Bran's father Norroiz (''Norrois'', also ''Yder de Lis'') and two of his brothers in the previous duels in a long feud, Bran is about to fight him as well, but they are stopped by Arthur and later become friends. This story, which also exists in an alternative version where Gawain rapes the sister of Bran de Lis (see [[#Melian|Melian]]), is retold in ''The Jeaste of Sir Gawain'', where he appears as '''Brandles''' (the name also used for one of Arthur's knights in ''[[Sir Gawain and the Carle of Carlisle]]''), and in the Scottish ''[[Golagros and Gawane]]'', where he is called '''Spinagros'''. In the [[Vulgate Cycle]], '''Brandalus de Gales''' (of Wales) is the father of Floree, mother of Gawain's son [[Guinglain]]. In Malory's ''[[Le Morte d'Arthur]]'', '''Brandiles''' (''Brandyles'') is brother of the mother of Gawain's three sons (and later his companions at the Round Table): Gingalin, Lovel, and Florence.

As Sir '''Brandeliz''' (''Brandalis'', ''Brandelis'', ''Braudaliz''; ''Brandellis'' uniquely in the Scottish ''Lancelot of the Laik''), he appears in multiple episodes through the Vulgate Cycle (some of which are included in ''Le Morte d'Arthur''), participating in the quests (including the quest for the Grail) and in the wars against [[Claudas]] and [[Galahaut]]. In the prose cycles, he dies while fighting either against [[Lancelot]] during the latter's rescue of the condemned [[Guinevere]] or against [[Mordred]] in the final battle. In the standalone romance ''Claris et Laris'', '''Brandaliz''' is one of the eleven protagonists other than the eponymous duo; here he is a friend of Claris who, with the help of [[Merlin]], rescues Laris from the prison of the Danish king Tallas among his other acts. In both of these narratives, he is repeatedly freed from enemy captivity by the other heroes, including Gawain, Lancelot, and Claris. The Vulgate ''Lancelot'' story of [[Gaheriet]]'s rescue of Brandeliz and his lady might have been rewritten by Malory as an early episode of his "Tale of Sir Gareth", the fourth book of ''Le Morte d'Arthur''.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0ucYDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA97 | title=Malory's Morte d'Arthur: Remaking Arthurian Tradition | isbn=978-1-137-11183-8 | last1=Batt | first1=C. | date=30 April 2016 | publisher=Springer }}</ref> In the [[Prose Tristan|Prose ''Tristan'']], Brandeliz (''Brandelis'') is a Knight of the Round Table from Cornwall, not Wales.

The Vulgate Cycle also features a different Knight of the Round Table other than Sir Brandeliz: a minor character of '''Duke Brandelis de Taningues''' (''Brandeban, Brandeharz'', ''Brandelz'', ''-de Tranurgor''). Yet another Knight of the Round Table named '''Brandelis le fils Lac''', that is "son of [[#Lac|Lac]]", appears as brother of [[#Erec|Erec]] in ''[[Palamedes (romance)|Palamedes]]'' and in ''I Due Tristani''. 

A few other Brandalis characters are clearly unrelated to the Round Table, such as that of the Saxon king known as either Brandalis or Mandalis (''Brandalus'', ''Braundalis'', ''Maundalis''), or that of Arthur's sworn eternal enemy Brandelis (''Brandalis''), both appearing in the Vulgate ''Merlin''. In the Welsh Vulgate ''Queste'' translation ''Y Seint Greal'', two of [[Peredur]]'s deceased uncles are named as Brwns Brandalis and Brendalis of Wales (''Brendalis o Gymry''). In ''[[Perlesvaus]]'', Brun Brandalis de Gales is a long-dead uncle of Perceval. However, some scholars have connected Bran de Lis with the villains Brian (''Brien'') des Isles (of the Isles) from ''Perlesvaus'' and Brandin des Isles (''Brandis'', ''Brandus'', ''Branduz'', -''des Ylles'') from the Vulgate ''Lancelot''<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y0yeBAAAQBAJ | title=The Mammoth Book of King Arthur | isbn=978-1-78033-355-7 | last1=Ashley | first1=Mike | date= 2011 | publisher=Little, Brown Book }}</ref> (his character was expanded with an account of his earlier life as an invader in the ''Livre d'Artus''<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8ywEEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA359 | isbn=978-1-78683-743-1 | title=The Arthur of the French: The Arthurian Legend in Medieval French and Occitan Literature | date=15 October 2020 | publisher=University of Wales Press }}</ref>), as well as to King Brandelidelin from an early German Arthurian romance ''[[Parzival]]'',<ref>{{cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PzcyAQAAMAAJ | title=Wolframs Stil und der Stoff des Parzival | last1=Singer | first1=Samuel | date=1916 }}</ref> as possibly identical in origin. (Brian/Brien des Isles may also have been modeled after [[Bryan FitzAlan, Lord FitzAlan|Bryan FitzAlan]], also known as Brian de l'Isle or Brian de Insula.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UwJ7GHadCHYC&pg=PA316 | title=The Evolution of Arthurian Romance: The Verse Tradition from Chrétien to Froissart | isbn=978-0-521-41153-0 | last1=Schmolke-Hasselmann | first1=Beate | date=28 May 1998 | publisher=Cambridge University Press }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lVq7x1wkYXMC | title=University of Kansas Publications: Humanistic studies | date=1940 }}</ref>) ''Ysaïe le Triste'' features Brandalis' own son, Brandor de Gaunes (of Wales). {{Clear left}}

=== Calogrenant ===
[[File:Blason Calogrenant.svg|thumb|left|upright|The attributed arms of Calogrenant]]

'''Calogrenant''', sometimes known in English as '''Colgrevance''' and in German (''[[Diu Crône]]'') as '''Kalogrenant''', among many other variants (including ''Calogrenan[s/z]'', ''Calogrevant'', ''Calogrinant'', ''Colgrevaunce'', ''Galogrinans'', ''Kalebrant'', ''Kalocreant'', ''Qualogrenans''), is a Knight of the [[Round Table]] and cousin to [[Yvain]]. His character has been derived from the [[Welsh mythology|Welsh mythological]] hero [[Cynon ap Clydno]], usually the lover of [[Owain mab Urien]]'s sister [[Morvydd]]; although in ''[[Owain, or the Lady of the Fountain]]'', Cynon is stated to be the son of Clydno, possibly connected to [[Clyddno Eiddin]]. [[Roger Sherman Loomis]] and some other scholars speculated that Calogrenant was used specifically as a foil for [[Sir Kay|Kay]] in some lost early version of Yvain's story. The 12th-century author [[Chrétien de Troyes]] characterized him as everything Kay is not: polite, respectful, eloquent, and well-mannered. By this theory, his name can be deconstructed to "Cai lo grenant", or "Cai the grumbler", which would represent another opposite characteristic of Kay, who was famous for his bitter sarcasm.<ref name="rl">{{cite book |last=Loomis |first=Roger |title=Arthurian Tradition and Chretien De Troyes |publisher=Columbia University Press |year=1949}}</ref>

Calogrenant first appears in Chrétien's ''[[Yvain, the Knight of the Lion]]'', telling a story to a group of knights and [[Queen Guinevere]]. He describes an adventure he had in the forest of [[Brocéliande]], in which there was a magic spring that could summon a large storm. Calogrenant reached the spring and summoned the storm, after which a knight named [[Esclados]] attacked and defeated him. Yvain is upset that Calogrenant never told him of this defeat, and sets out to avenge him, embarking on the adventure that sets up the remainder of events in the romance.

Calogrenant appears later in the ''[[Lancelot-Grail]]'' cycle, though his kinship to Yvain is not as clear as in Chrétien. He dies during the [[Grail Quest]] while trying to keep [[Sir Lionel|Lionel]] from killing his own brother, [[Bors]]. Bors had faced a dilemma over whom to rescue between Lionel, who was getting beaten with thorns by two rogue knights, and a maiden who had just been abducted, and chose the maiden over his brother. Lionel was not pleased by this, and attacked Bors the next time he saw him. A hermit tried to intervene, but was killed accidentally in the process, and Calogrenant stepped in. Bors refuses fight his brother, who slays Calogrenant before attacking Bors; however, God intervenes and renders him immobile. [[Thomas Malory]] calls him Colgrevance and recounts his death at Lionel's hands in ''[[Le Morte d'Arthur]]'', but also includes another one later in the narrative. Despite having died on the Grail quest, Colgrevance reappears as one of the twelve knights who help [[Agravaine]] and [[Mordred]] trap [[Lancelot]] and Guinevere together in the queen's chambers. Lancelot has neither armour nor weapons, but manages to pull Colgrevance into the room and kills him; he then uses Colgrevance's sword to defeat the rest of Mordred's companions.

<gallery>
File:BN-MS-fr1433-folio65-Yvain-Calogrenant-fontaine.png|Calogrenant at the fountain in the BN MS fr.1433 manuscript of ''Yvain'' (c. 1325)
File:Dante Gabriel Rossetti - Sir Launcelot in the Queen's Chamber - Google Art Project.jpg|Malory-inspired ''Sir Launcelot in the Queen's Chamber'' by [[Dante Gabriel Rossetti]] (1857)
</gallery>

=== Claudin ===
[[File:Lancelot defeats Claudins, a damzel and Meliagans look on (5152635).jpg|thumb|left|Lancelot defeats Claudins while a damsel and Meliagans look on. ''Le Livre d'Yvain'', ms. Aberystwyth, NLW, 444D (14th century)]]

'''Prince Claudin''' (''Claudine'', ''Claudyne'', ''Claudino'') is the son of the [[Franks|Frankish]] King [[Claudas]] of the Wasteland (''de la Deserte'') who appears in the ''[[Lancelot-Grail]]'' prose cycle, the [[Prose Tristan|Prose ''Tristan'']], the [[Post-Vulgate Cycle]], and ''[[Le Morte d'Arthur]]''. His father, who he fights for, is a major villain during [[King Arthur]]'s early reign. However, when Claudas eventually loses the war and flees to Rome, Claudin surrenders and defects to Arthur, who makes him a member of the [[Round Table]]. During the [[Grail Quest]], Claudin is one of the companions of [[Bors the Younger]], [[Galahad]] and [[Perceval]] in [[Corbenic]].

=== Cligès ===
'''Cligès''' is the title hero of [[Chrétien de Troyes]]' French poem ''[[Cligès]]'' (and its foreign versions). There, he is an offspring of Arthur's niece Soredamors and Alexander, a son of the Greek ([[Byzantine]]) Emperor. Following his adventures, Cliges eventually marries Fenice, a daughter of the German Emperor, and becomes the Greek Emperor himself.

As Cligés (''Clicés'', ''Clies'', ''Clygés''), he also appears in some other French Arthurian romances, including in the First Continuation of Chrétien's ''[[Perceval, the Story of the Grail|Perceval]]'' (where his father is named [[#Lac|King Lac]]) and in ''Claris et Laris''. In the ''[[Romanz du reis Yder]]'', he serves Queen Guenloie ([[Guinevere]]) until he is expelled from her court after he criticizes her love for [[Yder]] (who later promises to reconcile them).<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uNu7GWgXm-EC&pg=PA16|title=The Romance of Yder|last=Adams|first=Alison|date=1983|publisher=DS Brewer|language=en|isbn=9780859911337}}</ref> In ''{{ill|The Marvels of Rigomer|fr|Les Merveilles de Rigomer}}'', he hails from Greece and participates in the quest to conquer Rigomer Castle as one of [[Gawain]]'s many companions; he also defeats the undead knight in his own episode.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lk0aBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA29|title=Vendetta: Essays on Honor and Revenge|last=Summerfield|first=Giovanna|date=2010|publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing|language=en|isbn=9781443821018}}</ref> As '''Clias the Greek''' (''der Grieche Clîas''), he has a role in the German ''[[Parzival]]''.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EILfrXHZ25UC&pg=PA52|title=A Companion to Wolfram's Parzival|first=Will|last=Hasty|date= 1999|publisher=Boydell & Brewer|isbn=9781571131522|via=Google Books}}</ref> [[Thomas Malory]]'s Urry list calls him Sir '''Clegis''' (despite a similar name, Clegis is not in any way connected with the English ''[[Sir Cleges]]'', the hero of a completely different story set in the times of Arthur's father [[Uther Pendragon]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=idZRDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA16|title=The Three Days ́ Tournament|first=Jessie L.|last=Weston|date= 2018|publisher=BoD – Books on Demand|isbn=9783732651238|via=Google Books}}</ref>).

=== Dodinel ===
[[File:Hb-dodinet.jpg|thumb|upright|left|The attributed arms of "Dodinet le Sauvaige"]]

'''Dodinel''' (''Dodinas'', ''Dodine[i]s'', ''Dôdînes'', ''Dodinia[u]s'', ''Dodin[s]'', ''Dodynas'', ''Dodynel'', ''Didones'', ''Dydonel[l]'', ''Lionel'', etc.) '''le Sauvage''' (''le Savage'', ''le Salvage'', ''li Sauvages'', ''li Salvages'', ''el Salvaje'', ''der Wilde'', etc.), variously translated to English as '''the Wild''', '''the Wildman''', or '''the Savage''' (sometimes also as the descriptive "impetuous" or "fierce"), is a Knight of the Round Table found in a great many works of Arthurian romance, typically featured as a well-known knight yet merely a [[figurant]] type of a character,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ahTv6XIh_ooC&pg=PA166 | title=Medieval Studies }}</ref> and without a common role. He is nevertheless important in several of such works, including the Third Continuation of ''Perceval'', the Vulgate ''Lancelot'', the Post-Vulgate ''Merlin'', the ''Livre d'Artus'', the Prose ''Tristan'', and ''Claris et Laris''.

Dodinel is introduced in Chrétien de Troyes' ''Erec et Enide'', being named there as the ninth best of [[King Arthur]]'s knights, albeit noted as a rude one. Dodinel is also listed among the top knights of Arthur in Chrétien's ''Yvain'' as well as in ''Sir Gawaine and the Green Knight'', while ''The Knight of the Two Swords'' describes him as a "truly exceptional ... man of many virtues." He might have been originally identical with [[Percival]], which would explain his characteristic epiteth as meaning a man from the woods (wilderness).<ref>{{cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k5xZAAAAMAAJ | title=Medieval Studies in Memory of Gertrude Schoepperle Loomis | last1=Loomis | first1=Roger Sherman | date=2 June 1974 }}</ref> However, the only possible trace of such motif can be found in the German ''Lanzelet'', in which Dodines lives a double life: as an enchanter owning a magic horse and dwelling near the dangerous Shrieking Marsh (''Schreiende Moos'') in the summer, and as a knight in Arthur's lands in the winter.

As with his other characteristics, Dodinel's family relations are variably told. In the Vulgate ''Merlin'' Continuation and the Vulgate ''Lancelot'', Dodinel the Wildman is an illegitimate son of King Bélinant (''Balinant'', ''Belinans'', ''Belynans'', ''Belyna[u]nt''; possibly on of many Arthurian characters based on the Celtic god [[Belinus]]<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mjsWsH6tKwUC&pg=PA272 | title=Paganism in Arthurian Romance | isbn=978-0-85991-426-0 | last1=Darrah | first1=John | date=1997 | publisher=Boydell & Brewer }}</ref>) de Sorgales ("of [[South Wales]]"; Norgales / North Wales in the Vulgate ''Lancelot'') and his own niece, but raised by King Arthur's relative Queen Eglantine (''Eglante'', ''Eglente''). In the Post-Vulgate Huth-''Merlin'', he is son of [[Sir Balin|Balin]]'s brother Balan (''Balaan le Sauvage''). In the Didot-''Perceval'', he is son of the Lady of Malehaut (''Dame de Malohaut''). In ''Parzival'', he has a brother called Taurian the Wild (''der Wilde'').

In the Third Continuation of Chrétien's ''Perceval'', one of the six episodes of [[Gawain]]'s adventures relate his rescue of the "handsome and valiant" Dodinel (''Dodinal'') from a prison and his lover from a pyre, the latter then also again saved by Perceval. Dodinel is prominent in ''Claris et Laris'', portrayed there as a comical side story character, a [[Dinadan]]-like humorously anti-chivalric knight, one who avoids dangerous combat in his wanderings and once escapes from a captivity by posing as a minstrel. He and Dinadan are themselves friends in the ''Meliadus'' Compilation; in the ''Marvels of Rigomer'', Dodinel is one of Gawain's quest companions. Thomas Malory in his ''Le Morte d'Arthur'', following some of the Dodinel material from the Vulgate ''Lancelot'' as well as his portrayal in the Prose ''Tristan'', has him (named as '''Dodinas le Savage''' in the [[Winchester Manuscript]]) as a recurring companion of [[Sagramore]] and, early in his career, as one of the [[Guinevere]]'s own ten knights.

A complete story of Dodinel (in different versions, including different origins and families as described earlier) is presented in the French prose cycles. In the Vulgate ''Merlin'' and the ''Livre d'Artus'', the young teenage Dodinel defects to Arthur early in the king's reign, opposing his own family. In the ''Livre'', he kills the Saxon king Mathmas at the Battle of Clarence ([[Battle of Badon|Badon]]). Having been knighted by Arthur, he joins the Queen's Knights and eventually the Round Table. The Vulgate ''Lancelot'', besides telling the stories of [[Lancelot]]'s rescues of the captive Dodinel on multiple occasions, has him as one of the only five knights who cross the perilous bridge into Sorelois alive (besides Gawain, [[#Meliant|Meliant]], [[Yder]] and Arthur). In the Vulgate ''Queste'', he is one of the Grail knights in [[Galahad]]'s company. In the Post-Vulgate, [[Lamorak]] is slain by Gawain and his brothers when he is injured following an earlier fight with Dodinel. In the end, Dodinel dies fighting against [[Mordred]]'s forces at the Battle of Salisbury Plain ([[Camlann]]).

In Italy, he is called '''Dondinello''' and its variants, usually with no epithet (except in the case of ''Oddinello le Salvaggio'' in the ''Tristano Riccardiano''). In his unusual characterization in ''Chantari di Lancelotto'', Dodinel (''Dudinello'') is a villain who joins up with Mordred to conspire against Lancelot. ''Cantari di Carduino'', a [[Fair Unknown]] type epic poem possibly based on a lost Dodinel romance, tells the story of his eponymous son Carduino's vengeance against the clan of Gawain for having his father fatally poisoned by the jealous lords including Mordred and Augerisse (probably [[Gaheris]]), as well as of Carduino's other adventures.

=== Drian ===
'''Drian''' (''Doryan'', ''Driant'', ''Durnor'') is one of [[King Pellinore]]'s sons out of wedlock. He is most prominent in the [[Prose Tristan|Prose ''Tristan'']] which describes him as one of the very best of the Knights, alongside [[Galahad]], [[Lancelot]], [[Palamedes (Arthurian legend)|Palamedes]], and his own brother [[Lamorak]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9R8HDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA176|title=Gawain: A Casebook|first1=Keith|last1=Busby|first2=Raymond H.|last2=Thompson|date= 2005|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781136783524|via=Google Books}}</ref> There, Drian and Lamorak are hated by [[Gawain]] for being sons of Pellinore and for being superior knights to Gawain. Drian dies when he fights three of [[King Lot]]'s sons, unhorsing [[Agravain]] and [[Mordred]] before being mortally wounded and left for dead by Gawain; Lamorak dies soon afterwards while trying to avenge him.

Drian is called '''Dornar''' (''Durnor[e]'') by [[Thomas Malory]] in ''[[Le Morte d'Arthur]]'', where he is also killed by Gawain. He appears alongside two knights named '''Darnarde''' and '''Dryaun''' (''Dryaunt'',  ''Tryan''), both of them also derived from the French Drian.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=92lXAAAAYAAJ|title=The Journal of English and Germanic Philology|first=Gustaf E.|last=Karsten|date= 1956|publisher=University of Illinois|via=Google Books}}</ref> Malory splits Drian's adventures from the Prose ''Tristan'' between the latter two: Dryaun guards a bridge with his brother Alain (one of Drian's other brothers), jousting the passing knights; Darnarde visits [[King Mark]]'s court with Lamorak, where they defeat Mark and all of his knights but [[Tristan]]. Darnarde is eventually killed alongside his brothers, [[Aglovale]] and [[Sir Tor|Tor]], when Lancelot rescues [[Queen Guinevere]] from the stake.

=== Elyan ===
[[File:Blason Helain le Blanc.svg|thumb|upright|left|The arms of Helain le Blanc]]

'''Elyan the White''' or '''Helyan le Blanc''' (also ''Elain'', ''Elayn'', ''Helain'', ''Hellaine'', ''Helin''; -''le Blank'', -''the Pale'') is son of [[Bors the Younger]] in the prose romance tradition of ''[[Lancelot-Grail]]'' (Vulgate Cycle). His mother, Claire, has tricked Bors into sleeping with her using a magic ring (the only time Bors broke his vow of chastity). Claire is daughter of British king Brandegore (''Brandegorre'', ''Brandegoris'') and also half-sister of [[Sagramore]], and their shared mother is daughter of the [[List of Byzantine Emperors|Eastern Roman Emperor]]. At the age of 15, Elyan is brought to Arthur's court by Bors. He then becomes known as an excellent knight and is accepted as a member to the [[Round Table]]. True to his lineage, Elyan eventually becomes Emperor of [[Constantinople]] himself.

Elyan's adventures are different the [[Post-Vulgate]] ''Queste'', as well as the expanded version of the [[Prose Tristan|Prose ''Tristan'']], where he takes a vacant Round Table seat that had belonged to Dragan (''Dagarius'') after the latter knight's death by [[Tristan]]. He later helps his cousin [[Lancelot]] rescue [[Guinevere]] after their affair is exposed, and then joins him in exile during their war with Arthur.

Elyan should not be confused with Elians (''Eliant'', ''Elianz''), a Knight of the Round Table from Ireland who occupied Lancelot's vacant seat in both the Vulgate and Post-Vulgate versions of the ''Mort Artu''. A modern character inspired by Elyan the White was portrayed by Nigerian actor [[Adetomiwa Edun]] as Guinevere's brother in the 2008 television series ''[[Merlin (2008 TV series)|Merlin]]''. {{Clear left}}

=== Erec ===
[[File:Hb-herec.jpg|thumb|upright|left|The attributed arms of "Herec le fils Lac"]]

'''Erec''' (French ''Erech'', ''Eric'', ''Herec'', ''Heret''; German ''Eres''; Italian ''Arecco''; Norse ''Erex''), the son of [[#Lac|King Lac]], is most famous as the protagonist in [[Chrétien de Troyes]]' first romance, ''[[Erec and Enide]]'', later retold in ''[[Erec (poem)|Erec]]'' and other versions. Because of ''Erec and Enide''{{'}}s connection to the Welsh ''[[Geraint and Enid]]'', Erec and [[Geraint]] are often conflated or confused. Erec's name itself may be derived from ''Guerec'', the Breton version of Gweir,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IRrrAAAAMAAJ | title=Arthurian Tradition & Chrétien de Troyes | last1=Loomis | first1=Roger Sherman | date=1961 }}</ref> the name of several of Arthur's warriors and relatives in the different early Welsh tales (possibly the prototype of [[Gaheris]] and consequently also [[Gareth]]).

In Chrétien's story, Erec meets his future wife [[Enide]] while on a quest to defeat a knight who had mistreated one of Queen [[Guinevere]]'s servants. The two fall in love and marry, but rumours spread that Erec no longer cares for knighthood or anything else besides his domestic life. Enide cries about these rumours, causing Erec to prove his abilities, both to himself and to his wife, through a test of Enide's love for him. Erec has her accompany him on a long, tortuous trip where she is forbidden to speak to him, after which they reconcile. When Erec's father Lac dies, Erec inherits his kingdom. The Norse ''Erex Saga'' gives him two sons, named Llac and Odus, who later both become kings. The story of Erec and Enide is also retold within the [[Prose Tristan|Prose ''Tristan'']].

Enide is entirely absent from the Prose ''Erec'' segment of the [[Post-Vulgate Cycle]] (beginning in ''La Folie Lancelot'' and concluded in the P-V ''Queste''<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KkBSujrlYRAC&pg=PA43 | title=A Companion to the Lancelot-Grail Cycle | isbn=978-0-85991-783-4 | last1=Dover | first1=Carol | date=2003 | publisher=DS Brewer }}</ref>), in which Erec's mother's enchantment makes him immune to magic. His acts include saving [[Sir Bors|Bors]] from the enchanter [[Mabon ap Modron|Mabon]]; he also has a cousin named Driadam, whose death begins Erec's feud with the young [[Mordred]]. In the Post-Vulgate ''Quest of the Holy Grail'', Erec unwillingly murders his sister<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9ufgmo5uY14C&pg=PA189 | title=Lancelot-Grail: The post-Vulgate Quest for the Holy Grail & the post-Vulgate Death of Arthur | isbn=978-1-84384-233-0 | last1=Lacy | first1=Norris J. | date=2010 | publisher=Boydell & Brewer }}</ref> and is later slain by [[Gawain]] in revenge for the death of [[#Yvain of the White Hands|Yvain of the White Hands]], and does not regain his father's kingdom; his seat at the Round Table is taken by his friend Meraugis, who had buried him. In the [[Alliterative Morte Arthure|Alliterative ''Morte Arthure'']], Erec dies during the final battle between the forces of Arthur and Mordred.

In ''[[Lanzelet]]'', Erec and Gawain agree to be delivered as prisoners to the great wizard Malduc (whose father was killed by Erec), so that Guinevere can be rescued from King Valerin's castle; they are then tortured and almost starved to death in Malduc's dungeon, until they are eventually themselves rescued. In ''[[Le Morte d'Arthur]]'', '''Harry le Fyse Lake''' (or ''Garry le Fitz Lake'', Malory's corruption of the French ''Herec le Fils Lac'') participates in Lancelot's rescue of Guinevere from the stake.{{Clear left}}

=== Esclabor ===
[[File:Hb-exclabor.jpg|thumb|upright|left|The attributed arms of "Exclabor ly Viescovtiens"]]

King '''Esclabor the Unknown''' (''Astlabor'', ''Esclabort'', ''Scalabrone''; -''le Mescogneu'', -''li Mesconneü'', -''li Mesconneuz'') is a wandering [[Saracen]] lord from a vaguely Middle Eastern land, usually either [[Babylon]] (in today's Iraq) or [[Galilee]] (in today's Israel). He is the father of [[Palamedes (Arthurian legend)|Palamedes]], [[Safir (Arthurian legend)|Safir]], and [[Segwarides]], among others. During his long stay in Britain, Esclabor initially hides his faith, trying to pass as a Christian, but soon becomes widely known as a valiant pagan knight.<ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tEgFDgAAQBAJ&pg=PT181 | title=Outsiders: The Humanity and Inhumanity of Giants in Medieval French Prose Romance | isbn=9780268081836 | last1=Huot | first1=Sylvia | date=2016 | publisher=University of Notre Dame Press }}</ref>

While visiting [[Rome]], he saves the life of the [[Roman emperor|Roman Emperor]]; he later travels to Arthur's [[Logres]] at the time of Arthur's coronation, where he rescues [[King Pellinore]] as well. Esclabor eventually settles at [[Camelot]], later adventuring with Palamedes and [[Galahad]] during the [[Holy Grail|Grail Quest]]. In the Post-Vulgate ''Queste'', eleven of his sons are killed during their encounter with the [[Questing Beast]]. Shortly after finally agreeing to convert to Christianity, an act necessary for the full admission into the brotherhood of [[Round Table]],<ref>{{Cite journal|title=The (Non-) Christian Knight in Malory: A Contradiction in Terms?|author=Armstrong, Dorsey|year=2006|journal=Arthuriana|volume=16|issue=2|pages=30–34|doi = 10.1353/art.2006.0083|jstor = 27870753|s2cid = 162386579}}</ref> and which also allows his participation in the Grail Quest, Esclabor commits suicide from grief upon learning of his favorite son Palamedes' death at the hands of [[Gawain]]. {{Clear left}}

=== Gaheris of Karaheu ===
'''Gaheris de Karaheu''' (''Gaharis'', ''Gaheran'', ''Gahetis'', ''Gaherys'', ''Gaheus'', ''Gains'', ''Gareis'', ''Ghaheris''; -''d'Escareu'', -''de Carahan''/''Car[a/e]heu'', -''de Gaheran''/''Gahereu'', -''de Karahau''/''Karehan''), also known as '''the White''' (''li Blans''), is one of the minor Knights of the Round Table and brother of [[#Mador de la Porte|Mador de la Porte]] in the [[Vulgate Cycle]] and the derived works. He should not be confused with [[Gaheris|Gaheris of Orkney]], one of [[King Arthur]]'s nephews and another Knight of the Round Table. His most prominent role, including the manner of his death, might have been inspired by the purportedly historical account of the fatal poisoning of Walwen (that is,   [[Gawain]]) from the chronicle ''[[Gesta Regum Anglorum]]''.

In the Vulgate ''Lancelot'', Gaheris of Karaheu appears in minor roles, mostly as a prisoner, prior to his accidental death. Gawain saves him from [[Galehaut]], while the mysterious White Knight ([[Lancelot]] incognito) rescues him from the Dolorous Prison near [[Joyous Gard|Dolorous Gard]] and then again from the [[Val sans retour|Vale of No Return]]. Later, in the Vulgate ''Mort Artu'', he dies from eating a poisoned apple, which was made by the knight Avarlan and was meant to kill Gawain. The apple is offered to Gaheris unknowingly by [[Guinevere]]; the queen is accused of his murder, until she is cleared of the charge in the [[trial by combat]] between Mador and Lancelot.<ref>Jean Frappier, ed., ''La Mort le roi Artu'', Paris: Droz, 1996, pp. 75–76, 291. {{ISBN|2600001832}}.</ref> This story is retold in the [[Stanzaic Morte Arthur|Stanzaic ''Morte Arthur'']] and in Thomas Malory's ''[[Le Morte d'Arthur]]'', where the victim is, respectively, either an unnamed visiting Scottish knight or '''Sir Patrise of Ireland''' (the poisoner is also renamed by Malory as Sir Pionel). The Italian ''Tristano Panciaticchiano'', in which he remains Mador's brother, calls him '''Giafredi'''.

=== Galehodin ===
'''Galehodin le Gallois''' (''Galeh[a/o]udin'', also ''Gal[l]ides'', ''Gallind[r]es'', etc.) is [[Galehaut]]'s nephew and godson, and his designated successor as the King of Sorelois. Galehodin is introduced in the Prose ''Lancelot'' as the young grandson of the King of Norgales ([[North Wales]]). There he is the lord of the town and castle of Pennin (''Peningue''), and desires to follow the great hero [[Lancelot]] so he can learn from him. He is described as one of the tallest knights in the world, using a plain white shield with no identification symbols. Together with [[Mordred]] and [[Knights of the Round Table#Mador de la Porte|Mador]], he easily triumphs over the men of Gorre in a tournament against King [[Bagdemagus]]. In the Italian ''Tavola Ritonda'', Galehaut's heir is his son named '''Abastunagio''', a character corresponding with that of Galehodin as he appears in the Prose ''Tristan''. Both appear in their respective texts in the role of the host of the great tournament in Sorelois. The Hebrew ''King Artus'' includes one '''Galaodin de Gaulis''' (of [[Gaul]]) among Lancelot's followers.

Galehaut's cousin and fellow Knight of the Round Table named '''Galahodin''' (''Galihodin'', ''Galyhodin'', sometimes with 'yn' at the end) appears as one of closest companions of Lancelot in Thomas Malory's telling, in which Galahodin is given some of Galehaut's traits from the French tradition. Galahodin, described as a sub-king in Sorelois, serves Lancelot as one of his chief knights during the war against Arthur, later joining him in the hermitage at the end of his life. Before that, one of the episodes borrowed from the Prose ''Tristan'' tell of Galahodin's attempted kidnapping of [[Isolde]], foiled by [[Palamedes (Arthurian legend)|Palamedes]]. Malory's Galahodin should not be confused with two of his original characters from ''Le Morte d'Arthur'', Lancelot's own relatives '''Galyhod''' (''Galihud'', ''Galyhud'') and '''Gahalantyne''' (''Gahalantin''), who are also close companions of Lancelot. After taking over the lands in France, Malory's Lancelot appoints Galahodin as the duke of [[County of Saintonge|Saintonge]], Galyhod as the earl of [[Périgord]], and Gahalantyne as the duke of [[Auvergne]]. They eventually stay together with Lancelot and Galahodin as their fellow monks at the end.

=== Galeschin ===
[[File:Blason imaginaire du Duc de Clerence.svg|thumb|upright|left|The attributed arms of the Duc de Clerence]]

'''Galeschin''' (''Galaas'', ''Galachin'', ''Galathin'', ''Galescalain'', ''Galeschalains'', ''Galescin[s]'', ''Galeshin'',  ''Galessin'', etc.) is the son of [[King Arthur]]'s half-sister [[Elaine (legend)#Elaine of Garlot|Queen Elaine]] and [[#Nentres|King Nentres]] of Garlot. He first appears in the story of the Dolorous Tower in the [[Lancelot-Grail|Vulgate Cycle]], in which he and his cousin [[Yvain]] attempt to rescue their other cousin [[Gawain]] from the wicked lord Carados; both are taken captive as well, but the trio are eventually rescued by [[Lancelot]]. (Galeschin is later additionally rescued by Lancelot from the [[Vale of No Return]].) Though mentioned in a few other stories, his role is ultimately minor. He loosely inspired the character of Duke '''Chalance''' (''Chalaunce'') of Clarence, a Knight of the Round Table appearing in different episodes of ''[[Le Morte d'Arthur]]''.

[[File:Ambito di wiligelmo, porta della pescheria, 02 ciclo di artù 04,2.jpg|thumb|Italian [[Modena Archivolt]]'s scene of Galvagin (presumed [[Gawain]]) being followed by the mysterious Galvariun]]

[[Roger Sherman Loomis]] derives the name Galeschin from the name ''Galvariun'', found on an Arthurian relief on the Italian [[Modena Archivolt]], considered the first known Arthurian illustration (c. 1120–1240). He theorizes that the name was altered to make it sound more like ''Galesche'', the Old French word for [[Gaul]], and derives the name Galvariun from the epithet ''Gwallt Euryn'', found in ''[[Culhwch and Olwen]]'', which he translates as "Golden Hair".<ref name=cm/> However, other scholars usually identify the figure of Galvariun as a prototype of Gawain's brother [[Gaheris]]. Oddly, Galeschin is also called the ''Duc de Clarence'' in the French literature prior to the 14th century; this could not possibly refer to the position of [[Duke of Clarence]] (which did not exist yet at the time and does not refer to a place name), leading Loomis to translate it as the "Lord of Light".<ref>Loomis (1997), p. 63.</ref>  {{Clear left}}

=== Gornemant ===
[[File:Le roman de Tristan et Iseut - Robert Engels - Gorvenal.jpg|thumb|upright|Gorvenal with a bow and arrows in [[Robert Engels]]' illustration for [[Joseph Bédier]]'s ''Le Roman de Tristan et Iseut'' (1900)]]

'''Gornemant de Gohort''' (''Gorneman[s/z]'': -''de Goort'', ''de Gorhaut'') is the knight best known as [[Percival]]'s old mentor. He is mentioned in a few early romances and is prominent in [[Chrétien de Troyes]]'s ''[[Perceval, the Story of the Grail]]'', in which he instructs the young hero in the ways of knighthood. There, Gornemant is also the uncle of [[Blanchefleur]], whom Percival later marries after successfully defending her city against attackers. Medieval German author [[Wolfram von Eschenbach]] gives '''Gurnemans''' three sons named Gurzgi, Lascoyt and Schentefleurs, as well as a daughter named Liaze who falls in love with Percival but he declines to marry her. In the ''[[Prose Tristan]]'' romances, he appears under the name '''Governal[e]''', entrusted by [[Merlin]] to care for and edecate the young Cornish prince [[Tristan]]. In [[Richard Wagner]]'s opera ''[[Parsifal]]'', '''Gurnemanz''' is depicted as a Grail Knight.

=== Griflet ===
[[File:Blason Girflet.svg|thumb|upright|left|Griflet's attributed arms]]

'''Griflet''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɡ|r|ɪ|f|l|ᵻ|t}}) '''the son of Do''' is a ubiquitous character in Arthurian legend, where he was one of the first Knights of the Round Table.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nd9R6GQBB_0C&pg=PA230|title=The Encyclopedia of Celtic Mythology and Folklore|last1=Monaghan|first1=Patricia|date=2014|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=9781438110370|page=230|language=en|access-date=2 November 2017}}</ref> He is first found in Chrétien de Troyes' ''[[Erec et Enide]]'', named there as '''Girflez li filz Do'''. Like many other Arthurian romance characters, his origins lie in [[Welsh mythology]]; in this instance, it is the minor deity [[Gilfaethwy]] fab [[Dôn]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mjsWsH6tKwUC&pg=PA141|title=Paganism in Arthurian Romance|first=John|last=Darrah|date=1997|publisher=Boydell & Brewer|isbn=9780859914260 |via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K0Cmn4ps-X4C&pg=PA20|title=Origins of Arthurian Romances: Early Sources for the Legends of Tristan, the Grail and the Abduction of the Queen|first=Flint F.|last=Johnson|date=2012|publisher=McFarland|isbn=9780786492343 |via=Google Books}}</ref> He is notably the eponymous hero of his own, early chivalric romance, ''[[Jaufre]]''.

He also appears as '''Gerflet''' in Beroul's ''Tristan'' and in the Norse ''Parcevals Saga''; '''Gerflet li fius Do''' in ''Mériadeuc''; '''Gifflet''' in ''Escanor''; '''Gifflet''' (''Girfles'') '''li fieus Do''' in the ''Livre d'Artus''; '''Giflés''' (''Gifles'') '''li fius Do''' in ''[[Perceval ou le Conte du Graal]]'', ''Li Biaus Descouneüs'', and ''[[Libeaus Desconus]]''; '''Giflet le fils de Do''' in ''[[Le Bel Inconnu]]''; '''Giflet fis Do''' in ''Sir Gawain and the Lady of Lys''; '''Girflet''' (''Giflet'', ''Giflez'', ''Giftet'', ''Girfles'', ''Gyfles'', ''Gyflet'', ''Gyrflet'') '''le''' (''li'') '''fils''' (''filz'') '''Do''' (''Doon'', ''Dos'') in the [[Vulgate]] and [[Post-Vulgate]] prose cycles; '''Girfles''' (''Girlflet'', ''Girflez'') '''li filz Do''' in the [[Prose Tristan|Prose ''Tristan'']]; '''Girflez le fils Do''' in ''[[Lancelot, le Chevalier de la Charrette]]''; '''Girflez''' in ''La Mule sans Frein''; '''Griflet''' (''Gifles'', ''Gifflès'', ''Gifflet'', ''Gryflet'', ''Gryfflet'') '''li fieus Do''' (''Dou'') in ''[[Le Morte d'Arthur]]''; '''Grifles''' in Henry Lovelich's ''Merlin''; '''Grimfles''' in the English [[Merlin (Robert de Boron poem)|Prose ''Merlin'']]; '''Gyffroun''' in ''[[Ywain and Gawain]]''; and '''Iofreit''' (''Jofreit'') '''fils Idol''' in ''[[Parzival]]''.<ref name="bruce">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3gaBAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA220|title=The Arthurian Name Dictionary|last1=Bruce|first1=Christopher W.|date=2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781136755385|pages=220–221|language=en|access-date=2 November 2017}}</ref> Further texts featuring him include ''Hunbaut'', ''[[La Vengeance Raguidel]]'', and the First and Fourth Continuations of ''Perceval''.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7Yu0AAAAQBAJ&pg=PT409|title=The New Arthurian Encyclopedia: New edition|first1=Norris J.|last1=Lacy|first2=Geoffrey|last2=Ashe|first3=Sandra Ness|last3=Ihle|first4=Marianne E.|last4=Kalinke|first5=Raymond H.|last5=Thompson|date=2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781136606328|via=Google Books}}</ref>

[[File:Griflet throwing Excalibur into the lake.png|thumb|upright|"Groflet" throwing [[Excalibur]] into the lake (here a river) in a 1470 illustration for the 13th-century romance ''[[Vulgate Cycle|La Mort du roi Arthur]]'']]

In French chivalric romance prose cycles, he is a cousin to [[Sir Lucan|Lucan]] and [[Bedivere]] who first appears as a loyal and valiant young [[squire]] at the beginning of [[King Arthur]]'s rule.<ref name="bruce" /> About the same age as Arthur, he distinguishes himself in the [[Battle of Bedegraine]] against the rebels and joins the Round Table after personally slaying one of the Saxon kings when he helps [[Kay]] and [[Gawain]] rescue [[Guinevere]] in the Prose ''Merlin''. Later, however, his role becomes largely limited to him notoriously often falling into captivity for the other knights to rescue in the course of their own adventures, even leading Gawain to comment in the Prose ''Lancelot'' that "there never was a man so frequently taken prisoner as Girflet has been."<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cTY44q6n0MgC&pg=PA405 |title=Lancelot-Grail: Lancelot, pt. I – Norris J. Lacy |via=Google Books |isbn=9781843842262 |access-date=2022-09-14|last1=Lacy |first1=Norris J. |year=2010 |publisher=Boydell & Brewer }}</ref> According to the French ''Mort Artu'', he was one of the few survivors of [[Battle of Camlann|Arthur's final battle]] and was asked by the dying king to return his sword [[Excalibur]] to the [[Lady of the Lake]]. In ''Le Morte d'Arthur'', however, Sir Griflet is one of the knights killed by [[Lancelot]]'s rescue party at the execution of Guinevere, making Griflet's cousin Bedivere the knight who casts away Excalibur, the role that has been given to Bedivere also in the earlier English adaptations of the ''Mort Artu''. {{Clear left}}

=== Hector de Maris ===
[[File:Blason Hector des mares.svg|thumb|upright|left|The attributed arms of Hector des Mares]]

'''Hector de Maris''' (''Ector de Maris'', ''Estor de Mareis'', ''Hector de Marais'', ''Hestor des Mares'', etc.) is the younger half-brother of [[Lancelot]]; [[Sir Bors|Bors]] and [[Sir Lionel|Lionel]] are his cousins. His name means '''Hector of the Fens''' (the form used in [[Norris J. Lacy]]'s translation of the Vulgate Cycle); he should not be mistaken with [[Sir Ector]] (''Hector''), the father of [[Sir Kay|Kay]] and foster father of [[King Arthur|Arthur]]. Hector's adventures are many and wide-ranging, especially within the Vulgate and the Post-Vulgate prose cycles. As '''Astore''', he is also the eponymous protagonist of the Italian ''Cantare di Astore e Morgana'' in which he becomes [[Morgan le Fay|Morgan]]'s seemingly invincible demon-knight minion known as Estorre after being first cured by her of his wounds and then falling under her evil spell, until he is defeated and saved by [[Galahad]].

[[File:William Dyce - Generosity.jpg|thumb|upright|Lancelot stops his half-brother Hector from killing Arthur defeated in battle, as depicted by [[William Dyce]] in ''King Arthur Unhorsed, Spared by Sir Launcelot'' (1852)]]

As told in the Vulgate ''Merlin'', Hector is an illegitimate son of [[King Ban]] of Benoic (in today's France), who, magically helped by [[Merlin]], fathered him with the Lady de Maris. He is raised by his maternal grandfather Agravadain the Black, lord of the Castle of the Fens. In the Vulgate ''Lancelot'', Hector fights against the Saxons and saves his relative [[Elaine (legend)|Elaine the Peerless]]. He is successful at tournaments, prevailing against such esteemed knights as [[Palamedes (Arthurian legend)|Palomedes]] and [[Perceval]]. Hector is, however, one of the knights defeated and imprisoned by Turquine before being rescued by his brother Lancelot; he later returns the favour by finding the lost Knight of the Lake after Lancelot's period of insanity and returning him to the court. During the time when Lancelot is missing, Hector is one of the best knights of Arthur, second only to [[Sir Bors|Bors]], as ranked by King [[Bagdemagus]] asked by Arthur.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mvx5DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA19 | title=People and Texts: Relationships in Medieval Literature: Studies Presented to Erik Kooper | date= 2007 | publisher=Brill | isbn=9789401203920 }}</ref> Hector has a long relationship with Lady Perse of the Narrow Borderland after saving her from a forced marriage; he also has an affair with a cousin of the Lady of Roestoc prior to reuniting with Perse. In the Post-Vulgate ''Queste'', his friendship with [[Gawain]] turns into the hatred following Gawain's killing of Erec. Hector participates in the great [[Grail Quest]], during which his companions besides Gawain include Arthur the Less and Meraugis. Like most others, Hector is proven unworthy of achieving the sacred relic. Nevertheless, he helps the Grail hero [[Galahad]] to destroy the Castle of Treachery, and the appearance of the Grail revives him and Perceval after the two mortally wounded each other. In the ''Mort Artu'' (and ''Le Morte d'Arthur''), when Lancelot is caught in his affair with [[Guinevere]], Hector stands by his half-brother and leaves court with him. He becomes one of the top leaders of Lancelot's faction, participating in the battle to rescue the queen at her would-be execution and the subsequent defence of Lancelot's castle [[Joyous Guard]]. Hector accompanies Lancelot in France when they are expelled from Arthur's kingdom, before later returning to Britain to help defeat the Saxon army aided by [[Mordred]]'s sons after the [[Battle of Camlann]] (Salisbury). He then joins his brother at the [[Archbishop of Canterbury]]'s hermitage, and later dies on a crusade in the [[Holy Land]]. {{Clear left}}

=== King of a Hundred Knights ===
The '''King of''' (variably translated as ''with'') '''a''' (variably translated as ''the'') '''Hundred Knights''' (Old French: ''Roi des Cent Chevaliers'') is a moniker commonly used in for a character that has appeared under different given names in various works of Arthurian romance. One of these is '''Malaguin''' (''Aguignier'', ''Aguigens'', ''Aguigniez'', ''Aguysans'', ''Alguigines'', ''Angvigenes'', ''Malaguis'', ''Malauguin[s]'', etc.) in the [[Prose Lancelot|Prose ''Lancelot'']]; the legendary figure of Malaguin seems to be loosely based on that of the historical [[Maelgwn Gwynedd|Maelgwn]], an early 6th-century king of [[Gwynedd]] known for propagating [[Celtic Christianity|Christianity in Britain]]. He appears as '''Heraut'''  (''Berant'', ''Horel'', ''Horiaus'', ''Hovaux'', etc.) '''li Aspres''' in the [[Prose Tristan|Prose ''Tristan'']], while [[Thomas Malory]] refers to him as '''Sir Barant''' (''Berrant'') '''le Apres'''. Conversely, some texts such as ''[[Palamedes (romance)|Palamedes]]'', do not give him a proper name.

His first known appearance is possibly in ''[[Lanzelet]]'' as '''Ritschart''', a count opposing [[King Lot]] who is mentioned as having a hundred knights and is later aided by [[Lancelot]], followed by that of '''Margon''' in the Third Continuation of ''[[Perceval, the Story of the Grail]]''. His first major role as the "King of a Hundred Knights" is found in the Vulgate and Post-Vulgate versions of ''[[Merlin (Robert de Boron poem)|Merlin]]'' continuations, in which he is introduced as one of the chief rebels against [[King Arthur]] in the [[Battle of Bedegraine]]; however, after experiencing a prophetic dream, he decides to join Arthur to fight the invading Saxon pagans in God's name. He remains on Arthur's side during Lot's second rebellion, but then fights against Arthur in the service of [[Galehaut]] in the Vulgate ''Lancelot''; afterwards, he again submits to Arthur's rule and joins the [[Round Table]], later taking part in the war against Rome. (The chronology of that is different in Malory's compilation.) ''Lancelot of the Laik'', a Scots version of the Vulgate ''Lancelot'', splits his character into these of the King of a Hundred Knights and '''Maleginis''', two different minor kings serving Galehaut.

He is described as the ruler of the land variably known as Estrangore in the ''Livre d'Artus'' alternative continuation of ''Merlin'', Malahaut (''Malehaut'', etc.) in the ''Estoire de Merlin'' and the Prose ''Lancelot'', Guzilagne in ''[[La Tavola Ritonda]]'', Piacenza in ''I Due Tristani'', and Tumane in ''Lanzelet''. The Vulgate ''Lancelot'' gives him a sister known only as the Lady of Malahaut, a son named Maranz (''Marant'', ''Marauz'', ''Martans'', ''Martant''), and a daughter named Landoine (''Landoigne''). The Prose ''Tristan'' and ''Le Morte d'Arthur'' mention him as a lover of one of [[Morgan le Fay]]'s companions, the enchantress known as the Queen of North Wales. In ''I Due Tristani'', he marries Riccarda, the half-giant sister of Galehaut. In the Third Continuation of ''Perceval'', his son, named Cargril (''Cargrilo''), falls in one-sided love with [[Perceval]]'s cousin Sore Pucelle; Margon and Cargril besiege her castle but [[Gawain]] lifts the siege and Sore Pucelle avenges the death of her lover (whom they had hanged) by launching Cargril from a catapult. In ''La Tavola Ritonda'', the King of a Hundred Knights dies fighting alongside King Amoroldo of Ireland (an Italian version of [[Morholt]]) at the Battle of Lerline, in a factional conflict in which Lancelot and [[Tristan]] find themselves on the opposing sides.

=== Lac ===
'''King Lac''' (French: ''Roi Lac'', literally "King Lake") is the father of the [[Round Table]] member [[#Erec|Erec]], was introduced in [[Chrétien de Troyes]]' ''[[Erec and Enide]]'' and its variants. His counterpart in the Welsh ''[[Geraint and Enid]]'' is named '''Erbin'''. King Lac is himself a Knight of the Round Table in the Guiron le Courteous part of ''[[Palamedes (romance)|Palamedes]]'', and [[Thomas Malory]] retained him in this role in his ''[[Le Morte d'Arthur]]'' as the '''King of the Lake'''.

According to ''Erec et Enide'', King Lac dies of old age and his son Erec is made ruler of Lac's kingdom by [[King Arthur]]. That kingdom is variably known as Estre-Gales (probably "Outer Wales", possibly [[Strathclyde]] or [[Striguil]]) with the capital Carrant or Carnant (possibly a Brittonic form of [[Nantes]]),<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HSmto0TQZBgC&pg=PA59 | title=The Romances of Chretien de Troyes | isbn=978-0-300-13370-7 | last1=Duggan | first1=Joseph J. | date=2008 | publisher=Yale University Press }}</ref> Destrigales in [[Hartmann von Aue]]'s version, Greater [[Orkney]] (''Orcanie la Grant'') in the [[Vulgate Cycle]], and Black Isles in ''Palamedes''. In his redefinition in the [[Post-Vulgate Cycle]], King Lac is son of Canan, a commoner-born Greek king. The Post-Vulgate ''Quest of the Holy Grail'' tells of Lac's poisoning by the sons of his brother, King Dirac, and the young Erec's exile from their kingdom of Saloliqui to Britain following Lac's murder. Here, King Lac's wife (Erec's mother) was the sorceress Crisea (''Ocise''), the sister of Pelles the [[Fisher King]].

Besides Erec, King Lac's children include a daughter, who appears unnamed in Chrétien's ''[[Perceval, the Story of the Grail|Perceval]]'' but is called Jeschute in ''[[Parzival]]''. Lac's other sons include [[#Beandelis|Brandelis]] in ''Palamedes'' and in ''I Due Tristani'', and [[Cligés]] in the First Continuation of ''Perceval'', who both become Knights of the Round Table in their respective stories. He is however entirely unrelated to neither [[Lancelot]] du Lac (of the Lake) nor to [[King Lot]] whose name is written as "Lac" in some Portuguese texts.

=== Lohot ===
'''Lohot''' or '''Loholt''' (''Hoot'', ''Loholz'', ''Lohoot'', ''Lohoth'', ''Lohoz'')<ref>''Arthurian Romances'' trans. W. Kibler and C. W. Carroll (Harmondsworth, Penguin, 1991); ''The High Book of the Grail: A translation of the thirteenth century romance of Perlesvaus'' trans. N. Bryant (Brewer, 1996); ''Lancelot-Grail: The Old French Arthurian Vulgate and Post-Vulgate in Translation'' trans. N. J. Lacy (New York: Garland, 1992–96), 5 volumes.</ref> is a character loosely based on the mysterious figure of [[King Arthur's family#Offspring|Llacheu]], one of the sons of King Arthur in the original Welsh tradition. He appears as the king's legitimate son by [[Queen Guinevere]] in some early continental romances. In ''[[Perlesvaus]]'', the sleeping Loholt is treacherously murdered by [[Sir Kay|Kay]] so that the latter can take credit for the slaying of Logrin the giant, and his murder causes Guinevere to die of sorrow.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Akyjim-4jA8C&pg=PA113 | title=Cei and the Arthurian Legend | isbn=978-0-85991-261-7 | last1=Gowans | first1=Linda | date=1988 | publisher=Boydell & Brewer }}</ref> In ''[[Lanzelet]]'', '''Loüt''' is said to be the most renowned young knight who eventually accompanied Arthur "into a country whence the Bretons [[King Arthur's messianic return|still expect both of them evermore]]" (i.e. [[Avalon]]).<ref name=lt>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aLx7w5IzCDMC&pg=PA21 | title=King Arthur's Children: A Study in Fiction and Tradition | isbn=978-1-61599-066-5 | last1=Tichelaar | first1=Tyler R. | date=2010 | publisher=Loving Healing Press }}</ref> As son of Arthur named '''Elinot''', he is also referenced as Guinevere's deceased son in ''Garel'' by [[Der Pleier]], where he has been killed in the service of his beloved Florie who then herself died of grief.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JqqbDwAAQBAJ | title=The Pleier's Arthurian Romances: Garel of the Blooming Valley, Tandareis and Floribel, Meleranz | isbn=978-0-429-51508-8 | last1=Pleier | first1=Der | date= 2019 | publisher=Routledge }}</ref>

In the [[Vulgate Cycle]]'s variant ''Livre d'Artus'', on the other hand, Lohot is Arthur's bastard son by Lady Lyzianor, daughter of Earl Sevain, from the tryst magically arranged by [[Merlin]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3WXzagvAprIC&pg=PA254|title=The Fall of Kings and Princes: Structure and Destruction in Arthurian Tragedy|last=Guerin|first=M. Victoria|date=1995|publisher=Stanford University Press|isbn=9780804722902|language=en}}</ref> He dies in a fire as a baby while in Guinevere's care. In the mainstream Vulgate ''Lancelot'', Lohot is a son of Arthur and Lisanor (''Lisianor'', ''Lionor'') who dies from illness as a young knight, shortly after having been rescued from his captivity in the Dolorous Prison by [[Lancelot]].<ref name=":1" /> This is inconsistent with the mention of his treacherous death at Kay's hand mentioned in the Vulgate ''Merlin-Continuation''.<ref>https://www.library.wales/fileadmin/docs_gwefan/new_structure/discover/digital_exhibitions/printed_material/welsh_classical_dictionary/07_H-LL.pdf</ref> ''[[Le Morte d'Arthur]]'' has the ''Vulgate Lancelot'' version of Lohot renamed as '''Borre''' (''Boarte'', ''Bohart'', ''Bohort'') '''le Cure Hardy''' ("the Strong Heart") and his mother mentioned as Dame Lionors, daughter of Earl Sanam. The ''Livre de Lancelot del Lac'' part of Micheau Gonnot's ''Arthurian Compilation'' instead suggests that he was the son of the sorceress Camille who abducted and seduced Arthur.<ref name="lt222">{{cite book |last1=Tichelaar |first1=Tyler R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aLx7w5IzCDMC&pg=PA21 |title=King Arthur's Children: A Study in Fiction and Tradition |date=2010 |publisher=Loving Healing Press |isbn=978-1-61599-066-5}}</ref> The standalone romance ''Sagramor'' conflates Lisanor's son with the protagonist [[Sagramor]] and even has him ascend Arthur's throne.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Tznkwnb6VaMC&pg=PA106 | title=The Character of King Arthur in Medieval Literature | isbn=978-0-85991-088-0 | last1=Morris | first1=Rosemary | date=1982 | publisher=Boydell & Brewer }}</ref>

=== Lucan ===
[[File:Hb-lvcam-le-bovteillier.jpg|thumb|upright|left|The attributed arms of "Lucam le Bouteillier"]]

'''Lucan the Butler''' (''Lucanere de Buttelere'', ''Lucan[s] li Bouteillier'', ''Lucant le Boutellier'', ''Lucas the Botiller'', ''Lucanus'', etc.) is a servant of [[King Arthur]], the son of Duke Corneus, a brother of [[Bedivere]], and a cousin of [[Griflet]]. His earliest mention is in ''[[Erec and Enide]]'' and he is also known in English translations as '''Lucan the Wine Steward'''. He and his relatives are among King Arthur's earliest allies in the war against the rebel kings and then remain loyal to Arthur throughout his life. Lucan takes on the post of royal butler, a significant position in charge of the royal household. As such he is in charge of the royal court, along with Bedivere the [[Marshal]] and [[Sir Kay|Kay]] the [[Seneschal]].

Lucan fights for Arthur's right to the throne at the [[Battle of Bedegraine]] and against subsequent rebellions. He is also known to always attend the royal tournaments. In most accounts of Arthur's death in the romance literature, from the ''[[Lancelot-Grail]]'' cycle to ''[[Le Morte d'Arthur]]'', Lucan is one of the last knights at the king's side at the [[Battle of Camlann]] and is usually the last of them to die. Lucan remains loyal to King Arthur throughout the schism with [[Lancelot]], and on occasion acts as a negotiator between them. Similarly, he stays by the monarch's side during [[Mordred]]'s rebellion and tries to dissuade Arthur from his final attack on his son/nephew, but is unsuccessful and the king becomes fatally wounded. Worried about looters roaming the battlefield, Lucan and either Griflet or Bedivere attempt to move the dying Arthur into a nearby chapel for safety, but the strain is too much for Lucan and his old wound bursts open, spilling out his bowels and killing him just before the king returns [[Excalibur]] to the [[Lady of the Lake]].

Though the knight whom Arthur asks to cast the sword into the lake is usually Griflet ([[Vulgate Cycle|Vulgate ''Mort Artu'']]) or Bedivere (''Le Morte d'Arthur'', the [[Alliterative Morte Arthure|Alliterative ''Morte Arthure'']], the [[Stanzaic Morte Arthur|Stanzaic ''Morte Arthur'']]), the 16th-century English ballad ''King Arthur's Death'' ascribes this duty to Lucan.<ref>"King Arthur's Death" is a continuation of the ballad "The Legend of King Arthur". See Noble, James (1991). "King Arthur's Death". In [[Lacy, Norris J.]] (Ed.), ''The New Arthurian Encyclopedia'', pp. 262–263. New York: Garland. {{ISBN|0-8240-4377-4}}.</ref> A character named Lucan appears in the 2004 film ''[[King Arthur (2004 film)|King Arthur]]'' where, played by Johnny Brennan, he is a young boy found and cared for by Arthur's warrior [[Dagonet]]. {{Clear left}}

=== Mador de la Porte ===
[[File:Blason imaginaire de Maldor de la Porte.svg|thumb|upright|left|Mador's attributed arms]]

'''Mador de la Porte''' (French: ''Mador'', ''Amador''; English: ''Mador'', ''Madore'', ''Madors''; Italian: ''Amador della porta'', ''Amadore''; Irish: ''Mado'') is a minor Knight of the Round Table in the late Arthurian prose romances. His epithet "of the Gate" (de la Porte) suggests he might have been Arthur's porter; if so, Mador might be equated with [[Glewlwyd Gafaelfawr]] ("Mightygrasp") who is Arthur's porter in medieval Welsh tales.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nBWeBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT133 | title=A Brief History of King Arthur | isbn=978-1-4721-0765-7 | last1=Ashley | first1=Mike | date=2013 | publisher=Little, Brown Book }}</ref>

[[File:Sir Lancelot save Guinevere by Lancelot Speed.jpg|thumb|upright|"At last [[Lancelot|the strange knight]] smote him to the earth, and gave him such a buffet on the helm as well-nigh killed him." [[Lancelot Speed]]'s illustration for ''The Legends of King Arthur and His Knights'', abridged from Malory's ''Le Morte d'Arthur'' by [[James Thomas Knowles (1831–1908)|James Knowles]] (1912)]]

Mador's best known role is in an episode of the Vulgate ''Mort Artu (''and consequently in the Stanzaic ''Morte Arthur'' and Malory's ''Le Morte d'Arthur'') that tells the story of his trial by combat against the incognito [[Lancelot]], Queen [[Guinevere]]'s champion for her innocence following the poisoning of Mador's brother [[#Gaheris of Karaheu|Gaheris de Karahau]]. Mador loses the duel to Lancelot (without losing his life in the process), saving Guinevere from the accusation that almost led her being burnt at the stake.

Besides the Vulgate ''Mort Artu'' and the English works based on it, Mador also appears or is referenced in several other works, including in the Prose ''Lancelot'', in the "Tournament of Sorelois" episode found in some versions of the Prose ''Tristan'' and the ''Prophecies de Mérlin'' (as well as in ''Le Morte d'Arthur''), in the Post-Vulgate Cycle, in the ''Guiron le Courtois'' part of ''Palemedes'', in ''Sir Gawaine and the Green Knight'', in the Sicilian romance ''Floriant et Florette'', and in the ''Compilation'' of Rustichello da Pisa. The Vulgate ''Mort Artu'' notes him as exceptionally tall and says there was hardly a knight in Arthur's court who was stronger. This is repeated in the Version I of the Prose ''Tristan'', in which [[Tristan]] considers him second only to the half-giant [[Galehault]] in size and strength. In ''Le Morte d'Arthur'', he is also a companion of the young [[Mordred]].

The ''Livre d'Artus'' version of the Vulgate ''Merlin Continuation'' mentions '''Madoc li Noirs de la Porte''' (Madoc the Black of the Gate) among the knights who come to the aid of [[Aglovale]] to fight against the forces of Agrippe. He may be further identical with the knight Mado, who is twice briefly mentioned in the ''First Continuation'' of Chrétien's ''Perceval''. Mado also appears as antagonist in the 16th-century Irish Arthurian tale ''Eachtra Mhelóra agus Orlando'' (''The Adventures of Melora and Orlando''), wherein he is the villainous son of the King of the Hesperides in love with Arthur's daughter Melora, who disguises herself as a man and fights incognito as a knight to defeat Mado and his ally [[Merlin]].{{Clear left}}

=== Melian ===
[[File:Hb-meliandris.jpg|thumb|upright|left|The attributed arms of "Mellienderis"]]

'''Melian''' is a Knight of the Round Table featured in several chivalric romances. He is first found as a minor character in '''Melian de Lis''' (''Melians'', ''Melyans'', ''Melianz de Liz'') in ''[[Perceval, the Story of the Grail]]'' by [[Chrétien de Troyes]].

In Chrétien's story, Melian is injured by [[Gawain]] in the tournament in which Gawain fights for the daughter of Melian's foster-father Tiebaut, the ruler of [[Tintagel]]. The ''First Continuation'' gives him a niece named Pucel[l]e de Lis (also known as the Tent Maiden) and her brother Bran de Lis seeking revenge on Gawain for Melian's death from his injuries; she becomes Gawain's lover after he rapes her (there is no rape but just seduction in an alternative version, see [[#Brandelis|Brandelis]]), and eventually King Arthur intervenes to stop Bran and makes him join his Knights.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=wRMABQAAQBAJ&pg=PA170</ref><ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=bDxW5qnA01UC&pg=PA88</ref> In ''[[Parzival]]'', '''Meliant de Lis''' (''Melianz'', ''Meljanz'') is the king of Lis who (along with [[Bagdemagus]] and [[Meleagant]]) declares war on his foster-father, Lyppaut, having been rejected by the latter's daughter, Obie. Gawain, fighting for Obie's sister Obilot, captures Meliant, who then reconciles with Obie in her captivity. Another version of this story, as told in ''[[Diu Crône]]'', names him as '''Fiers von Arramis''', whom Gawain forces to surrender to a young lady who is a sister of his beloved, Flursenesephin. In the ''[[Lancelot-Grail|Livre de Artus]]'', Meliant de Lis wins over and marries Gawain's own lover, Floree. As either Melian de Lis or just Melian (or forms of these), he also appears or is mentioned in many other romances, including ''Le Chevalier aux deux épées'', ''[[Jaufré]]'', ''Meraugis'', ''[[La Vengeance Raguidel]]'',<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=pLLYRptQUtoC&PA190</ref> ''Wigalois'' (uniquely as '''Miljanz'''), and the Didot ''Perceval'' (uniquely as '''Mellianz de Liz''').

In the [[Vulgate Cycle]]'s ''Queste'' and derived works (Post-Vulgate, ''[[Prose Tristan]]'', Malory), a different Melian (''Meliagante'', ''Melians'', ''Meliant'', ''Melyan[s/t]'', ''Melien'') is the son of King of either Denmark (''Danemarc[h]e''), Lyle, or Dianarca. He initially serves as a squire to [[Galahad]], who knights him during the [[Grail Quest]]. Later, Sir Melian joins [[Bors]] and [[Percival]] at Castle [[Corbenic]] at the end of the quest.<ref>Loomis (1997). p. 157.</ref> King Arthur appoints him to the Round Table, but he later sides with [[Lancelot]] in the civil war in the Vulgate ''Mort''. In reward for his support, including his role in the rescue of [[Guinevere]], Lancelot makes him an earl ruling one of Lancelot's domains on the continent. Malory calls him '''Melias de Lile''' (''de Lisle'') in ''[[Le Morte d'Arthur]]''. He should not be confused with [[Tristan]]'s father [[Meliadus]], who is sometimes known as Melias.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.historicaltimes.org/post/drustan-and-esyllt-the-lost-romance? | title=Drustan and Esyllt – the Lost Romance? | work=Historical Times | date=11 February 2022 }}</ref>

There are also multiple other Arthurian characters by this name. For instance, one Meliant (''Brano'' in the Italian compilation ''[[La Tavola Ritonda]]'') is a relative of King Faramon's daughter Belide when she falsely accuses Tristan of rape in the [[Prose Tristan|Prose ''Tristan'']]. In ''[[Perlesvaus]]'', an explicitly villainous Meliant is an enemy lord of Arthur, allied with the traitorous [[Sir Kay|Kay]]; he is eventually killed by Lancelot who had previously also slain his evil father. In the Vulgate ''Lancelot'', Carados of the Dolorous Tower takes one Melyans le Gai's wife as his mistress.<ref>Loomis (1997). p. 11.</ref> Another Meliant from the same cycle is an ancestor of Gawain (and himself is descended from Peter, an early Christian follower of [[Joseph of Arimathea]]) in the Vulgate ''Estoire del Saint Graal''. {{Clear left}}

=== Morholt ===
[[File:Blason imaginaire du Morholt d'Irlande.svg|thumb|upright|left|The attributed arms of Morholt d'Irlande]]

'''Morholt of Ireland''' (''Marha[u]lt'', ''Marhaus'', ''Morold'', ''Amoroldo'') is an Irish warrior who demands tribute from [[Mark of Cornwall|King Mark]] of [[Cornwall]] until he is slain by Mark's nephew [[Tristan]]. In many versions, Morholt's name is prefaced with a [[Article (grammar)|definite article]] (i.e. ''The'' Morholt) as if it were a rank or a title, but scholars have found no reason for this.<ref name="Curtis1">Curtis, Renée L. (translator) (1994). ''The Romance of Tristan'', Oxford. {{ISBN|0-19-282792-8}}.</ref>

[[File:Dante Gabriel Rossetti The Fight between Tristram and Sir Marhaus stained glass.png|thumb|''The Fight between Tristram and Sir Marhaus'', a stained glass panel by [[Dante Gabriel Rossetti]] (c. 1863)]]

He appears in almost all versions of the legend of [[Tristan and Iseult]], beginning with the verse works of [[Thomas of Britain]] and [[Béroul]]. In the early material, Morholt is the brother of the Queen of Ireland and the uncle of Tristan's future love (both mother and daughter are named [[Iseult]]). He comes to Cornwall to collect tribute owed to his country; instead, however, Tristan challenges him to battle on the remote [[Samson of Dol|Saint Samson's]] Isle in order to release his people from the debt. Tristan mortally wounds Morholt, leaving a piece of his sword in the Irishman's skull, but Morholt stabs him with a poisoned spear and escapes to Ireland to die. The injured Tristan eventually travels to Ireland incognito to receive healing from Iseult the Younger, but is found out when the queen discovers the piece of metal found in her brother's head fits perfectly into a chink in Tristan's blade.

The authors of later romances expanded Morholt's role. In works like the [[Prose Tristan|Prose ''Tristan'']], the [[Post-Vulgate Cycle]], and [[Thomas Malory]]'s ''[[Le Morte d'Arthur]]'', he is a Knight of the [[Round Table]] before his fateful encounter with Tristan. The prose romances add many further details to Morholt's career; the Post-Vulgate and Malory record his adventures with the young [[Gawain]], [[Gaheris]] and [[Yvain]] early in [[King Arthur]]'s reign. In the later versions, Tristan takes Morholt's place at the Round Table when he joins the company himself. Furthermore, Morholt's father named Norhot appears in ''[[Perceforest]]''. {{Clear left}}

===Nentres===
In Arthurian romance, '''Nentres of Garlot''' (French: ''Nentres de Garlot'') is a British king of the land of Garlot (''Garloth'', ''Garlott''), who had served [[King Arthur|Arthur]]'s father [[Uther Pendragon]]. At first, he rebels against the young King Arthur, but soon he becomes Arthur's ally after his defeat and reconciliation, even marrying one of Arthur's sisters. In the Old French Vulgate ''Merlin'', he is also named '''Uentres''' and '''Ventre[s/ƺ]''', as well as '''Nantes''', '''Neutre[s]''' and '''Nextres de Garloc''' in the ''Estoire d'Merlin'' and Neutre in the version ''Livre d'Artus''. In the Caxton print edition of Malory's ''Le Morte d'Arthur'', he appears as Nentres, '''Nayntres''' and '''Nauntres''', while the original Winchester manuscript calls him Nentres, Nauntres and '''Newtrys'''. His other medieval English names include '''Nantres''' or '''Nanter[s]''' in ''Arthour and Merlin'', and '''Newtres''', '''Newtris''', Newtrys and '''Newtre[s]''' in Lovelich's ''Merlin''. His first appearance could have been as Arthur's brother-in-law '''Viautre de Galerot''' (''Guarlerot'') in the Didot-''Perceval'' continuation of the Verse ''Merlin''.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XZFbczeMtYcC&pg=PA376|title=The Arthurian Name Dictionary|first=Christopher W.|last=Bruce|date= 1999|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=9780815328650 |via=Google Books}}</ref>

Malory makes Nentres the husband of Arthur's sister [[Elaine (legend)|Elaine]] (''Elayne''), originally named Blasine in the Prose ''Merlin'', by whom he has the son [[#Galeschin|Galeschin]] and a daughter also named Elaine. In other texts, his wife is one of Arthur's different sisters: either [[Morgause]] (''Belisent'') or [[Morgan le Fay]] (''Morgain la feé''). In the ''Merlin'' continuation texts, Nentres of Garlot is one of the kings who refuse to recognise the newly proclaimed King Arthur's claim to be the true heir of Uther, and he joins the others to fight against Arthur (and his own son Galescalain) at the [[Battle of Bedegraine]] (where he is defeated by [[Sir Kay|Kay]] in Malory). After the rebel kings agree to join Arthur to repel the foreign (Saxon or Saracen) invasion, Nentres commands the defense of Windesan. During this time, his wife is kidnapped by the enemy but is rescued by Arthur's loyalist [[Gawain]], making Nentres firmly join Arthur's side and help him to decisively crush the foreigners at the [[Battle of Badon|Battle of Clarence]]. He then becomes one of the original members of Arthur's Round Table and participates in Arthur's continental campaigns, slaying the Spanish Saracen king Alifatima during the war against Rome.

According to [[Roger Sherman Loomis]], the name and character of King Nentres could have been derived from that of the historical British king [[Urien]] who is most often cast as the husband of Morgan.<ref>Loomis, Roger Sherman. "Some Names in Arthurian Romance" in ''Proceedings of the Modern Language Association'', Vol. 45, No. 2, pp. 416–443. Cambridge University Press, June 1930.</ref> The Huth ''Merlin'' mentions Neutre only once as the king of Sorhaut married to Morgan, while presenting Garlot as the kingdom of Urien and Morgain (''Morgue''), which further suggests the identity of Nentres with Urien.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3xEsCWEYFfkC&pg=PA84 | title=Sources of the Grail: An Anthology | isbn=9780940262867 | last1=Matthews | first1=John | year=1997 | publisher=SteinerBooks }}</ref> The name of his realm of Garlot may also come from that of ''Caer Lot'', an Old Welsh phrase meaning the Fortress of [[King Lot|Lot]], another British former-rebel king often depicted in the legend as married to Arthur's sister.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5W1nAAAAMAAJ|title=Arthur, roi des Bretons d'Armorique|first=Gwenc'hlan Le|last=Scouëzec|date=1998|publisher=Le Manoir du tertre|isbn=9782913478008 |via=Google Books}}</ref> The lands belonging to Nentres, Urien and Lot (in Lot's case meaning the kingdom of [[Lothian]], not the northern Orkney) are also all commonly placed in today's southern (lowland) Scotland. Nevertheless, the three rebel-turned-ally kings, each later married to Arthur's sisters, regularly appear as separate characters within the same prose romances, including in Malory.

===Osenain===
[[File:Hb-osevain.jpg|thumb|upright|left|The attributed arms of Osevain Cœur Hardi]]

'''Osenain''' (one of many spelling variants), often appearing with the moniker translating either (depending on the French spelling) as 'Braveheart', 'the Hardhearted', 'the Bold' or 'Hard Body', is a character often appearing as one (or more) of the knights of the [[Round Table]] in the works of Arthurian romance. In English, he is best known from [[Thomas Malory]]'s ''[[Le Morte d'Arthur]]'' as '''Ozanna le Cure Hardy''' (''Ozanna le Coeur Hardi'' in the Winchester Manuscript; rendered as '''Ozana of the hardy heart''' in [[William Morris]]' "The Chapel in Lyonesse"); Middle English versions of the ''[[Merlin (Robert de Boron poem)|Merlin]] Continuation'' feature names such as '''Gosenain Hardy Body''', '''Gosnayn de Strangot''',  '''Osenain Cors Hardy''', or '''Osoman Hardi of Hert'''. In many works he is associated with the often similarly named nephew of King Arthur, [[Gawain]] of Orkney, while being cast as Gawain's either companion or opponent.

Within the chivalric romance tradition, he is first found, without details, as '''Garravain[s] d'Estrangot''' (of Estrangot) among Arthur's knights in some manuscripts of [[Chretien de Troyes]]' French poem ''[[Erec et Enide]]'' ('''Gasosin von Strangot''' in its German version ''[[Erec (poem)|Erec]]''). [[Roger Sherman Loomis]] connected Garravain with [[Agravain]], one of Gawain's brothers (whom Chrétien himself calls Engrevain in the later ''[[Perceval, the Story of the Grail]]'').<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y0yeBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT421|title=The Mammoth Book of King Arthur|first=Mike|last=Ashley|date=2011|publisher=Little, Brown Book Group|via=Google Books}}</ref> He is also listed by the name '''Gasouains''' in the anonymous First Continuation of Chrétien's ''Perceval''. In a later, non-Chrétien verse romance ''Les Merveilles de Rigomer'', one '''Garradains''' is named as the knight of Arthur traveling with Gawain on a quest to conquer the enchanted castle of the Irish queen Dionise.

In the German poem ''[[Diu Crône]]'', the fairy knight '''Gasozein de Dragoz''' arrives at King Arthur's court, where he single-handedly defeats three Knights of the Round Table while not wearing any armor and falsely<ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/43485991|title=An Unlikely Hero: The Rapist-Knight Gasozein in 'Diu Crône'|author=Samples, Susan Therese |year=2012|journal=Arthuriana|volume=22|issue=4|pages=101–119|doi=10.1353/art.2012.a494786 |jstor=43485991 |s2cid=160239206 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> claims to be the first lover and rightful husband of Queen [[Guinevere]], unsuccessfully demanding her to be "returned" to him. Gasozein later rescues the queen from her brother Gotegrin, who wants to kill Guinevere for her infidelity, but then he kidnaps her in turn and nearly rapes her, however Gawain arrives in time, defeats Gasozein in a duel, sends him back to Arthur to revoke his claim and join the Round Table, and even arranges Gasozein's marriage with his own sister-in-law, Sgoidamur. The Gosezein version of Garravain's character<ref>{{cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jItJAAAAYAAJ | title=ZFSL, Zeitschrift für französische Sprache und Literatur | date=1905 }}</ref> re-appears as '''Gosangos de Tarmadoise''', Guinevere's early romantic lover and Gawain's valiant enemy in the French prose romance ''Livre d'Artus''.

French prose cycles and other works feature '''Osenain[s] Cuer Hardi''' (''Gosenain'', ''Osanain'', ''Osevain'', ''Osoain'', ''Osuain'', ''Oswain'', etc.; -''Cors Hardi[z]'', ''Corsa Hardy'', ''Corps Hardi'', ''au Cœur-Hardi'', ''Chore Ardito'') in the [[Vulgate Cycle]], and '''Ossenain Cuer Hardi''' (''Oselain'', ''Osenaín'', ''Ossenain'', ''Ossenam'', ''Ossenet d'Estrangot'') in the [[Prose Tristan|Prose ''Tristan'']]. In the Vulgate ''Estoire de Merlin'' (and the English ''[[Of Arthour and of Merlin]]''), the young '''Gasoain d'Estrango[r]t''' (''Gaswain'', ''Gosenain[s]'', ''Gosnayn[s]''; -''of / d'Estrangor[r]e'', ''de Strangot'', ''Destrangot''), here appearing separately from Osenain, fights alongside Gawain in the battles against the invading Saxons, his great feats earning him an early seat at the Round Table. When Gawain wrongly accuses him of treason, he gives Gawain a severe face wound in a trial by combat in front of King Arthur. In the Vulgate ''Lancelot'', he is noted as "very valorous and a good speaker", and is involved in the adventures of [[Sir Kay|Kay]] and others. He is with Gawain when they are both captured and imprisoned in the Dolorous Prison until their rescue by [[Lancelot]], who also later frees him from Turquine's captivity on another occasion. He assists [[Maleagant]] of Gore in the abduction of Queen Guinevere and is imprisoned by King Arthur after Lancelot's rescue of her (in Malory's version, he is instead one the loyal Queen's Knights captured by Maleagant along with her). He is later forgiven and fights for Arthur against King [[Rience]] and becomes a [[knight errant]], eventually participating in the [[Grail Quest]]. The Guiron le Courtois section of ''[[Palamedes (romance)|Palamedes]]'' describes him as son of King Quinados.

Like Gawain's, his character is considered to be derived from the prototype of the warrior by the name Gwrvan and its variants,<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c8Xddhjk76IC | title=Publications of the Modern Language Association of America | date=1930 | publisher=Modern Language Association of America }}</ref> found in the early Welsh Arthurian tales ''[[Culhwch ac Olwen]]'', ''[[Peredur fab Efrawg]]'', ''[[Preiddeu Annwn]]'', and ''[[Welsh Triads|Trioedd Ynys Prydein]]''. According to Arthurian scholar [[Ferdinand Lot]], Gwrvan's name comes with synonymous Welsh adjectives ''cadr'' and ''cadrauc'', "meaning 'mighty, powerful', corresponding therefore in meaning to 'au Cors Hardi'."<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lM9lJ9gTr0EC | title=Medium Aevum | date=1956 | publisher=Society for the Study of Mediæval Languages and Literature }}</ref> The plot of the French poem ''[[Meraugis de Portlesguez]]'' revolves around the protagonist Meraugis competing for the love of Queen Lidoine with his friend '''Gorvain Cadrut'''. Here, Gorvain loses Lidoine to his rival, but ends up happily married to one of her maidens, Avice.  However, Ferdinand Lot proposed that this Gorvain is just the story's Gawain himself (who earlier appears as ''Golvain'') by just a slightly different name.<ref name="cm">{{Cite book |last=Loomis |first=Roger Sherman |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MyWvBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT75 |title=Celtic Myth and Arthurian Romance |date=2005 |publisher=Chicago Review Press |isbn=978-1-61373-210-6 |language=en}}</ref> In another chivalric romance, ''Hunbaut'', '''Gorvain Cadrus von Pantelion''' (Gorvain Cadrus of [Castle] Pantelion) takes Gawain's unnamed sister hostage, seeking vengeance against him for the death of one of his relatives. He is taken captive by Gawain, then sent as a prisoner to Arthur's court at [[Caerleon]] where he eventually becomes a Knight of the Round Table. In the Vulgate ''Merlin'', '''Gosnayns Cadrus''' (''Gornain[s]'', ''Goruain[s]''; - ''Cadruc'', ''Cadruz'', ''Cardus''; ''Gornayns Karadus'' in [[Henry Lovelich]]'s ''Merlin'') and Osenain Cuer Hardi appear as two different knights who are Arthur's allies since the very first days (Battle of Carmelide), before Gasoain comes to Camelot.

In the Italian ''[[Tavola Ritonda]]'', '''Suziano of the Valiant Heart''' (''Cuore Ardito'') is a young son of Lady Largina and uncertainly either King [[#Esclabor|Esclabor]] the Unknown or King Amorotto (that is, [[Lamorak]]) of Listenois, as his promiscuous and power-hungry mother was a lover of both of them at the same time. He comes into service of the evil Lady Losanna of the Ancient Tower (''dela Torre Antica'') after falling in love with her, and is slain by [[Tristan]] protecting Losanna's enemy Tessina from his attempt on her life. He also appears under the name '''Guengasoain[s]''' (''Gasouains'', ''Guengasouain'', ''Guingasoain'') as the antagonist of the French poem ''[[La Vengeance Raguidel]]'', in which Gawain and [[Yder]] attempt to avenge his murder of the knight Raguidel. Here, he is a nephew of King Aguissant ([[King Lot]]'s brother Angusel from the ''[[Historia Regum Britanniae]]'') and serves as the knight of the fay enchantress Lingrenote, the lady of the Nameless Castle (''Castiel sans Non''), who has armed him with powerful enchanted weapons that made him near invincible. He is nevertheless defeated and killed by Gawain helped by Yder, the latter of whom then marries Guengasoain's daughter Trevilonete.

=== Priamus ===
'''Priamus''' (''Pryamus'') is a Roman ally of [[Emperor Lucius]] in Malory's ''Le Morte d'Arthur'', following  the Alliterative ''Morte Arthure''. He claims to be descended from [[Domitius Alexander|Alexander of Africa]] and [[Judas Maccabeus]]. Upon meeting [[Gawain]] in "The Tale of King Arthur and Emperor Lucius", he defects from Lucius to join forces with [[King Arthur]].<ref>{{Citation|title=Le Morte Arthur|work=Le Morte d'Arthur|year=1975|pages=13–129|publisher=De Gruyter|doi=10.1515/9783111392165-002|isbn=978-3-11-139216-5}}</ref> In return, Arthur appoints him as the Duke of [[Lorraine]]. He later dies at the fight for [[Guinevere]]. In Malory's version, two of Priamus' brothers also become Knights of the Round Table: Edward of [[Caernarfon|Carnarvon]] and Hectymere.

=== Safir ===
[[File:Blason Saphar.svg|thumb|upright|left|Saphar's attributed arms]]

'''Safir''' (''Safire'', ''Safere'', ''Saphar'') is the youngest son of the [[Saracen]] king [[Esclabor]] in the [[Arthurian legend]]. He appeared in several works of Arthurian literature, including the [[Prose Tristan|Prose ''Tristan'']] and ''[[Le Morte d'Arthur]]''; his name was also included on the [[Winchester Round Table]]. Two of his brothers, [[Segwarides]] and [[Palamedes (Arthurian legend)|Palamedes]], also belong to the Round Table.

Safir usually appears alongside his brother Palamedes. In one story, Safir disguises himself as [[Ector de Maris]], fights with Helior le Preuse, defeats him, and wins Espinogres' lady. Vowing to defend the lady's honor, Palamedes arrives and locks swords with Safir, not realizing it is his brother. After fighting for an hour to a standstill, both are impressed with each other's prowess and skill, and decide to ask the other's identity. Safir is devastated to find that he was fighting with his own brother and asks Palamedes for forgiveness; together, they return the lady to Espinogres. Later, after the affair between [[Lancelot]] and [[Guinevere]] is exposed, Safir and Palamedes join Lancelot's side in the ensuing civil war between Lancelot and [[King Arthur]]. When they are banished to Lancelot's homeland in [[Gaul]], Safir is made Duke of [[Languedoc|Landok]] while Palamedes becomes Duke of [[Provence]]. {{Clear left}}

=== Segwarides ===
[[File:Hb-securades.jpg|thumb|upright|left|The attributed arms of "Securades"]]

'''Segwarides''' (''Seguarades'', ''Seguradés'', ''Seguradez'', etc.) is a son of the [[Saracen]] king [[Esclabor]] who becomes a [[Vassal|liegeman]] of [[King Mark]]. His other brothers include the fellow [[Round Table]] knights [[Palamedes (Arthurian legend)|Palamedes]] and [[Safir (Arthurian legend)|Safir]]. It is possible there have been originally two characters of this name, but the stories in which they appear fail to differentiate between them.

[[File:Sir Segwarides rides ater Sir Tristram.png|thumb|"Sir Segwarides rides after Sir Tristram." [[F. A. Fraser]]'s illustration for [[Henry Frith]]'s ''King Arthur and His Knights of the Round Table'' (1912)]]

He is cuckolded by [[Tristan]] in the [[Prose Tristan|Prose ''Tristan'']] and Thomas Malory's ''[[Le Morte d'Arthur]]''. Tristan has a brief affair with Segwarides' wife, and wounds the knight after being found out. Tristan encounters Segwarides again on the Isle of Servage; Segwarides forgives him, saying he "will never hate a noble knight for a light lady," and the two team up to avoid the dangers of the isle. Soon afterwards, Tristan makes Segwarides the Lord of Servage. In Malory, Segwarides is eventually killed trying to repel [[Lancelot]]'s rescue of [[Guinevere]] from the stake. {{Clear left}}

=== Tor ===
[[File:Blason Tor.svg|thumb|upright|left|The attributed arms of Tor]]

'''Tor''' appears frequently in Arthurian literature, albeit always in minor roles. In earlier mentions Tor's father is King Ars (''Aries''),<ref>For example, [[Chrétien de Troyes]]' list of knights in ''[[Erec and Enide]]''. From Owen, ''Arthurian Romances''.</ref> but in [[Post-Vulgate Cycle]] and [[Thomas Malory]]'s ''[[Le Morte d'Arthur]]'', Aries is his adoptive father while his natural father is [[King Pellinore]].<ref>Lacy, ''Lancelot-Grail'', volume 4.</ref><ref>Malory, ''Le Morte d'Arthur'', Book III, ch. IV, p. 83.</ref> His symbolic namesake, Le Tor of Scotland, is also featured in the story of [[Sebile|Sebille]] within the Arthurian prequel romance ''[[Perceforest]]''.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vls8EAAAQBAJ&pg=PT87 | title=Rewriting Medieval French Literature: Studies in Honour of Jane H. M. Taylor | isbn=978-3-11-063862-2 | last1=Tether | first1=Leah | last2=Busby | first2=Keith | date=2021 | publisher=Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG }}</ref>

In the Post-Vulgate and Malory, Tor's many siblings include [[Aglovale]], [[#Drian|Drian]], [[Lamorak]], [[Percival]], and [[Dindrane]]. He is born when Pellinore sleeps with his mother "half by force", and she marries Aries shortly afterward; here Aries is not a king, but a shepherd. The young Tor is also raised as a shepherd but dreams of becoming a knight. His parents take him to the teenage [[King Arthur]], who makes the boy one of his first knights in recognition of his qualities. Later [[Merlin]] reveals Tor's true parentage, and Pellinore embraces his son; neither Aries nor his wife seem offended. Tor distinguishes himself at the wedding feast of Arthur and [[Guinevere]] when he takes up a quest to retrieve a mysterious white [[Scent hound|brachet]] hound that had come into the court. According to Malory, Tor and his brother Aglovale are present among the knights charged by Arthur with guarding the execution of Guinevere and they both die when [[Lancelot]] and his followers rescue the queen.<ref>Malory, ''Le Morte d'Arthur'', Book XX, ch. VII, p. 880.</ref> {{Clear left}}

=== Yvain the Bastard ===
[[File:Hb-yvain-avoultres.jpg|thumb|upright|left|The attributed arms of Yvain the Bastard]]

'''Yvain the Bastard''' (''Yvain[s] / Yvonet / Uwains li/le[s] Avou[l]tres'', -''l'Avo[u]ltre'', -''li Batarz'') is a son of [[Urien|King Urien]] of Gore, often confused with his half-brother [[Yvain]], after whom he was named. While the older Yvain is Urien's legitimate child from his fairy wife [[Morgan le Fay|Morgan]], Yvain the Bastard was sired by Urien on the wife of his [[seneschal]]. He is encountered frequently in Arthurian romance as a hearty and usually sensible knight, fighting in Arthur's wars and questing for the [[Holy Grail]] with [[Galahad]] and [[Gareth]]. In the [[Post-Vulgate Cycle]], he is killed by his cousin [[Gawain]] late during the Grail Quest when the two, disguised by their armour, randomly meet and decide to joust. It is not until Gawain takes him to a hermitage for his last rites that he realizes he has fought, and killed, his own cousin.

Thomas Malory in ''[[Le Morte d'Arthur]]'' split him into two characters: Uwaine les Avoutres, the son of Urien, and '''Uwaine les Adventurous''', an unrelated knight.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fnSJthHQwCUC&pg=PA842|title=Le Morte Darthur|first=Sir Thomas|last=Malory|date=1996|publisher=Wordsworth Editions|isbn=9781853264634|via=Google Books}}</ref> Malory further splits '''Morganor''', the name of Urien's "good knight" bastard son in ''[[Of Arthour and of Merlin]]'', into a separate character he calls Sir Morganor[e] (first appearing as a senschal of the [[#King with the Hundred Knights|King of the Hundred Knights]], then as a king himself). Yvain the Bastard and Yvain les Avoutres are also separate characters in the Scottish ''Lancelot of the Laik''. In ''[[Perlesvaus]]'', Yvain the Bastard's own son named Cahus dies while serving as Arthur's own squire on a strange adventure, killed by a giant in a deadly dream. {{Clear left}}

=== Yvain of the White Hands ===
[[File:Hb-yvain-blanches-mains.jpg|thumb|upright|left|His attributed arms]]

'''Yvain of the White Hands''' (''Yvain/Yvonet aux Blanches Mains'') is another different Knight of the Round Table named Yvain in the Old French romances. There, and in the English ''Arthour and Merlin'', he is unrelated to [[Iseult]] of the White Hands and to the "main" [[Yvain]] (son of [[Urien]]), although Thomas Malory later merged him with the latter. He serves Arthur in the Saxon wars, later participating in the quests to learn the fate of [[Merlin]] and to find the missing [[Lancelot]]. In ''Palamedes'', he is son of a knight named Darie. In the Prose ''Tristan'', he is injured by [[King Mark]] and healed in a Cornish abbey. In the Post-Vulgate ''Queste'', he is mistakenly slain by [[#Erec|Erec]], for which in turn Erec is killed by [[Gawain]], and his seat at the Round Table is then taken by the Unknown Knight ([[#Arthur the Less|Arthur the Less]]). {{Clear}}