Editing Language transfer (section)

===Positive transfer===
The results of positive transfer go largely unnoticed and so are less often discussed. Nonetheless, such results can have an observable effect. Generally speaking, the more similar the two languages are and the more the learner is aware of the relation between them, the more positive transfer will occur. For example, an [[English-speaking world|Anglophone]] learner of [[German language|German]] may correctly guess an item of German vocabulary from its English counterpart, but [[word order]], [[phonetics]], [[connotations]], [[collocation]], and other language features are more likely to differ. That is why such an approach has the disadvantage of making the learner more subject to the influence of "[[false friend]]s", words that seem similar between languages but differ significantly in [[semantics|meaning]]. This influence is especially common among learners who [[folk linguistics|misjudge the relation between languages]] or mainly rely on [[visual learning]].<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Solé Alonso|first1=Gemma|url=https://ddd.uab.cat/record/179972|title=False friends in advanced learners of English. The effect of task type and mode|last2=Pladevall Ballester|first2=Elisabet|date=2017|others=Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona}}</ref>

In addition to positive transfer potentially resulting in correct language production and negative transfer resulting in errors, there is some evidence that any transfer from the first language can result in a kind of technical, or analytical, advantage over native (monolingual) speakers of a language. For example, L2 speakers of English whose first language is [[Korean language|Korean]] have been found to be more accurate with perception of [[unreleased stop]]s in English than native English speakers who are functionally monolingual because of the different status of unreleased stops in Korean from English.<ref name="ChangMishler2012">{{Harvnb|Chang|Mishler|2012}}</ref> That "native-language transfer benefit" appears to depend on an alignment of properties in the first and the second languages that favors the linguistic biases of the first language, rather than simply the perceived similarities between two languages.