Editing Laws of Form (section)

==The form (Chapter 1)==
The symbol:

:[[Image:Laws of Form - cross.gif]]

Also called the "mark" or "cross", is the essential feature of the Laws of Form. In Spencer-Brown's inimitable and enigmatic fashion, the Mark symbolizes the root of [[cognition]], i.e., the [[duality (mathematics)|dualistic]] Mark indicates the capability of differentiating a "this" from "everything else ''but'' this".

In ''LoF'', a Cross denotes the drawing of a "distinction", and can be thought of as signifying the following, all at once:
* The act of drawing a boundary around something, thus separating it from everything else;
* That which becomes distinct from everything by drawing the boundary;
* Crossing from one side of the boundary to the other.

All three ways imply an action on the part of the cognitive entity (e.g., person) making the distinction.  As ''LoF'' puts it:
<blockquote>
"The first command:
* Draw a distinction
can well be expressed in such ways as:
* Let there be a distinction,
* Find a distinction,
* See a distinction,
* Describe a distinction,
* Define a distinction,
Or:
* Let a distinction be drawn". (''LoF'', Notes to chapter 2)
</blockquote>

The counterpoint to the Marked state is the Unmarked state, which is simply nothing, the void, or the un-expressable infinite represented by a blank space. It is simply the absence of a Cross. No distinction has been made and nothing has been crossed. The Marked state and the void are the two primitive values of the Laws of Form.

The Cross can be seen as denoting the distinction between two states, one "considered as a symbol" and another not so considered. From this fact arises a curious resonance with some theories of [[consciousness]] and [[language]]. Paradoxically, the Form is at once Observer and Observed, and is also the creative act of making an observation. ''LoF'' (excluding back matter) closes with the words:

<blockquote>...the first distinction, the Mark and the observer are not only interchangeable, but, in the form, identical.</blockquote>

[[Charles Sanders Peirce|C. S. Peirce]] came to a related insight in the 1890s; see {{slink||Related work}}.