Editing Leading tone (section)

===Descending, or upper, leading tone===
{{Image frame|content=<score sound="1" override_midi="Escribano - Lamentation, upper leading-tone cadence.mid">
    { 
#(set-global-staff-size 18)
<< \new StaffGroup <<
        \new Staff <<
            \clef treble \time 2/2
            \relative c' {
                \clef treble \time 2/2
                e2 f2~ f4 e d2~ d4 \once \set suggestAccidentals = ##t cis8 b \once \set suggestAccidentals = ##t cis!2 d1\fermata
                }
            >>
        \new Staff <<
            \clef treble \time 2/2
            \new Voice \relative c' {
                r2 a f g a1 a1\fermata
                }
            >>
        \new Staff <<
            \clef bass \time 2/2
            \new Voice \relative c' {
                a1 d, e d\fermata
                }
            >>
        \new Staff <<
            \clef bass \time 2/2
            \new Voice \relative c {
                a1 bes a d\fermata \bar "|."
                }
            >>
    >>
>> }
</score>|width=420|caption=Cadence featuring a descending leading tone (B flat – A in the bass voice) from a well-known 16th-century lamentation, the debate over which was documented in Rome c.1540.{{sfn|Berger|1987|loc=148}}<br />[[File:Escribano - Lamentation, upper leading-tone cadence.mid|thumb|left|155px|Upper-leading tone trill]][[File:Escribano - Lamentation, upper leading-tone cadence diatonic.mid|thumb|155px|Diatonic trill]]}}
By contrast, a descending, or upper, leading tone{{sfn|Berger|1987|loc=148}}{{sfn|Coker|1991|loc=50}} is a leading tone that resolves ''down'', as opposed to the seventh scale degree (a ''lower'' leading tone) which resolves up. The descending, or upper, leading tone usually is a lowered second degree ({{music|flat}}{{music|scale|2}}) resolving to the tonic, but the expression may at times refer to a {{music|flat}}{{music|scale|6}} resolving to the dominant.{{Citation needed|date=April 2020}} In German, the term ''Gegenleitton'' ("counter leading tone") is used by [[Hugo Riemann]] to denote the descending or upper leading-tone ({{music|flat}}{{music|scale|2}}),{{sfn|Riemann|1918|loc=113–114}} but [[Heinrich Schenker]] uses {{lang|de|abwärtssteigenden Leitton}}{{sfn|Schenker|1910||pages=143–145}} ("descending leading tone") to mean the descending diatonic [[supertonic]] ({{music|natural}}{{music|scale|2}}).)

The [[tritone substitution]], chord progression ii–subV–I on C (Dm–Db7–C), results in an upper leading note.

:<score sound="1" lang="lilypond"> { 
\new Staff <<
\new Voice \relative c' {
  \clef treble \key c \major \time 4/4 
  \override NoteColumn.force-hshift = #1 \override NoteHead.color = #red s2 des \override NoteColumn.force-hshift = #0.5 c1
} 
\new Voice \relative c' {
  \clef treble \key c \major \time 4/4 
  <d f a c>2 <f aes ces> <e g c>1 \bar "||"
}
>> }
</score>