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Led Zeppelin III
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==Songs== ''Led Zeppelin III'' marked a change in focus for the band, from late 1960s hard rock to a more [[acoustic music|acoustic]]-based sound.{{sfn|Lewis|1990|p=49}} These styles had been present to a lesser degree on the band's first two releases, such as "[[Babe I'm Gonna Leave You]]" and "[[Ramble On]]", from the first and second albums, respectively. However, on this album, the group used more acoustic arrangements, and they would remain prominent to various degrees in the group's later releases.{{sfn|Lewis|2012|pp=73,75}} With ''Led Zeppelin III'', the group's songwriting dynamic also changed, from Page's domination of the first two albums towards a more democratic situation in which all four group members contributed their own compositions and ideas.{{sfn|Lewis|1990|p=16}} Plant wrote all of the lyrics, with the exception of "Tangerine".<ref name=MM70/> ===Side one=== "[[Immigrant Song]]" was written about the [[Viking invasions of England]] and inspired by a [[Led Zeppelin Tour of Iceland, Bath and Germany, Summer 1970|short tour of Iceland]] in June 1970. It was released as a single in the US and became a top 20 hit. It was the opening song for the band's appearance at the [[Bath Festival of Blues and Progressive Music]] and at subsequent gigs for the next two years.{{sfn|Lewis|1990|p=49}} It was included in the 2003 movie ''[[School of Rock]]'', after [[Jack Black]] made a short video with fans asking for permission for its use.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.blabbermouth.net/news/led-zeppelin-allow-song-to-be-used-in-school-of-rock-movie/|title=LED ZEPPELIN Allow Song To Be Used In 'School Of Rock' Movie|website=Blabbermouth|date=8 September 2003|access-date=8 August 2018|archive-date=7 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180807123324/http://www.blabbermouth.net/news/led-zeppelin-allow-song-to-be-used-in-school-of-rock-movie|url-status=live}}</ref> Page clarified that the song's opening is a combination of a voice and echo feedback.<ref name=MM70>{{cite web|url=https://www.rocksbackpages.com/Library/Article/led-zeppelin-page-on-zeppelin-iii|title=Led Zeppelin: Page on Zeppelin III|first=Chris|last=Welch|work=Melody Maker|date=24 October 1970|via=[[Rock's Backpages]]|url-access=subscription|access-date=18 May 2019|archive-date=18 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190518150209/https://www.rocksbackpages.com/Library/Article/led-zeppelin-page-on-zeppelin-iii|url-status=live}}</ref> "Friends" is an acoustic track that uses a [[C6 tuning]] on guitar.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.guitarworld.com/magazine/50-greatest-led-zeppelin-songs|title=The 50 Greatest Led Zeppelin Songs|first=Jimmy|last=Brown|magazine=Guitar World|date=9 January 2015|access-date=21 August 2018|archive-date=21 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821223211/https://www.guitarworld.com/magazine/50-greatest-led-zeppelin-songs|url-status=live}}</ref>{{sfn|Alfred|2010|p=3}} Page explained: "I played a [[Harmony Company|Harmony]] acoustic tuned to CβAβCβGβCβE on 'Friends'{{nbsp}}... It's a C [type] tuning, but not a [typical] C tuning. I made it up."{{sfn|Alfred|2010|p=3}} The song includes a [[string section]] arranged by Jones, which Page had wanted to achieve an Indian style of sound.<ref name=MM70/> The song was re-recorded as an experimental arrangement with the Bombay Orchestra in March 1972, along with "Four Sticks" from the [[Led Zeppelin IV|following untitled album]].{{sfn|Lewis|1990|pp=49β50}} That arrangement appeared on the 2015 reissue of the retrospective album ''[[Coda (Led Zeppelin album)|Coda]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.loudersound.com/features/passage-to-india-the-true-story-of-zeppelin-s-secret-bombay-sessions|title=Led Zeppelin in India: the true story behind the secret Bombay sessions|work=Louder|date=23 July 2015|access-date=21 August 2018|archive-date=21 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821223404/https://www.loudersound.com/features/passage-to-india-the-true-story-of-zeppelin-s-secret-bombay-sessions|url-status=live}}</ref> The song segues into "[[Celebration Day]]" via a [[Moog synthesiser]] drone.{{sfn|Lewis|1990|pp=49β50}} "[[Since I've Been Loving You]]" was one of the first songs to be written for the album, in late 1969.{{sfn|Lewis|1990|p=51}} It is a blues song in the key of [[C minor]], featuring Jones on [[Hammond organ]] and bass pedals, simultaneously.<ref name=MM70/> The song became a live performance staple for the band throughout the rest of their career, replacing "[[I Can't Quit You Baby]]" from the [[Led Zeppelin (album)|first album]] as the band's slow blues showcase, with Page's guitar solo featured on both the recorded version and in the band's live show.{{sfn|Lewis|1990|pp=47,50}} "Out on the Tiles" was mostly written by Bonham, who came up with the idea for the riffs that run through the track. The introduction was used to open live versions of "[[Black Dog (Led Zeppelin song)|Black Dog]]" (from ''Led Zeppelin IV'') and Bonham's drum solo on the 1977 US tour.{{sfn|Lewis|1990|p=50}} ===Side two=== "[[The Maid Freed from the Gallows#Led Zeppelin version|Gallows Pole]]" is an updated arrangement of a traditional folk song called "[[The Maid Freed from the Gallows]]", inspired by a version recorded by [[Fred Gerlach]]. Page played a variety of acoustic and electric guitars and banjo, while Jones played mandolin as well as bass.{{sfn|Lewis|1990|p=50}} It was reworked by Page and Plant for their 1994 album ''[[No Quarter: Jimmy Page and Robert Plant Unledded]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/r207800/review|title=''No Quarter'': Jimmy Page and Robert Plant Unledded β Review|first=Stephen Thomas|last=Erlewine|website=AllMusic|access-date=8 August 2018|archive-date=12 March 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110312093949/http://www.allmusic.com/album/r207800/review|url-status=live}}</ref> "[[Tangerine (Led Zeppelin song)|Tangerine]]" was written by Page in 1968, when the Yardbirds were still together. The track features [[pedal steel guitar]] as well as acoustic. It was added to the group's live acoustic set in 1971 and performed regularly into the following year. It was then revived as a four-part harmony arrangement in 1975.{{sfn|Lewis|1990|p=50}} "[[That's the Way (Led Zeppelin song)|That's the Way]]" had the original title of "The Boy Next Door". It was written in Bron-Yr-Aur about the problems two people faced in a relationship and the clashes with their families. The song became a staple of the group's acoustic set throughout the 1970s and was played at the Bath Festival, where Led Zeppelin performed acoustically for the first time in the UK.{{sfn|Lewis|1990|p=50}}{{sfn|Lewis|2012|p=72}} Page thought highly of Plant's lyrics and considered it a breakthrough in their development as a songwriting team.<ref name=RS2006>{{Cite magazine |last=Gilmore |first=Mikal |title=The Long Shadow of Led Zeppelin |magazine=Rolling Stone |issue=1006 |date=10 August 2006 |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/the-long-shadow-of-led-zeppelin-184055/ |access-date=29 August 2018 |archive-date=24 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180724002319/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/the-long-shadow-of-led-zeppelin-184055/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The pair had gone for a walk and, on their return, sat down by a ravine with a tape recorder, where Page started to play the tune, to which Plant improvised a verse.<ref name=MM70/> "[[Bron-Y-Aur Stomp]]" was originally called "Jennings Farm Blues" and recorded as an electric arrangement, at the end of 1969. It was subsequently reworked as an acoustic number and featured Bonham playing spoons. The closing track, "Hats Off to (Roy) Harper", was based on the [[Bukka White]] blues song "[[Shake 'Em On Down]]" and named as a tribute to their friend and folk singer, [[Roy Harper (singer)|Roy Harper]]. The original LP credited the arrangement to "Charles Obscure", a band in-joke.{{sfn|Lewis|1990|p=50}}{{sfn|Lewis|2012|p=92}} It features Plant's voice fed through a [[vibrato]] amplifier.<ref name=MM70/> ===Unreleased material=== Page said that the group had 16 tracks to choose from for release on ''Led Zeppelin III''.<ref name=MM70/> Six other songs that were recorded during the ''Led Zeppelin III'' sessions were released at a later date: "Poor Tom" was released on ''[[Coda (Led Zeppelin album)|Coda]]''; "Bron-Yr-Aur" was included on the 1975 double album ''[[Physical Graffiti]]''; "[[Hey, Hey, What Can I Do]]" was released as the B-side to the 1970 "Immigrant Song" single, and on the 1972 [[sampler album]] ''[[The New Age of Atlantic]]'',{{sfn|Lewis|1990|p=50}} later appearing on the first [[Led Zeppelin Box Set|box set]] in 1990 and then [[Led Zeppelin Deluxe Edition#Coda|''Coda'' (Deluxe Edition)]] in 2015, along with "St. Tristan's Sword"; and both "Jennings Farm Blues" and "[[Key to the Highway]]/[[Trouble in Mind (song)|Trouble in Mind]]" later appeared on the 2014 [[Led Zeppelin Deluxe Edition#Led Zeppelin III|deluxe edition of the album]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/release/led-zeppelin-iii-deluxe-edition-mr0004121583|title=''Led Zeppelin III'' [Deluxe Edition] β Review|first=Stephen Thomas|last=Erlewine|website=AllMusic|access-date=31 August 2018|archive-date=21 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821031950/https://www.allmusic.com/album/release/led-zeppelin-iii-deluxe-edition-mr0004121583|url-status=live}}</ref>
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