Editing Leod (section)

==Leod in clan tradition==

===Clans Mackenzie and Ross===
The first earl of Cromartie's 17th century genealogical account of the MacLeods relates how Leod ("Leodus") was a son of Harald, son of Godred Donn. When the Isle of Man passed into the possession of the Scots, [[Alexander III of Scotland|Alexander III]] granted Lewis, Harris, [[Waternish]], and [[Minginish]] to Harald. Leod later succeeded his father to the lands as his father's only son. Cromartie's account also states how Leod's wife was Adama, daughter of [[Fearchar, Earl of Ross]]. However, according to Sellar, there is no record of a son of Harald named ''Leod'', nor is there any record of a daughter of Fearchar named ''Adama''. Sellar also noted that there is no record of the grant of lands by Alexander III. Sellar went so far as to state that Leod's wife, father, and the grant, were nothing but figments of Cromartie's imagination.<ref name="ref-Sellar"/> The manuscript history of the [[Clan Ross|Rosses]] of [[Balnagown]] also notes Leod. This account, according to the 19th-century historian [[W.F. Skene]], is older than that of Cromartie's.<ref name="S1-354355"/> The manuscript states that a [[King of Denmark]] had three sons who came to the north of Scotland—Gwine, Loid, and Leandres. Gwine conquered the [[braes]] of [[Caithness]]; Loid conquered Lewis, and was the progenitor of the MacLeods; and Leandres conquered "Braychat be the sworde".<ref>{{citation |editor=Baillie, W.R. |title=Ane breve cronicle of the earlis of Ross, including notices of The Abbots of Fearn, and of The Family of Ross of Balnagown |year=1850 |location=[[Edinburgh]] |pages=30–31 }}</ref> Skene stated that ''Gwine'' likely was meant to refer to the eponymous ancestor of the [[Clan Gunn]], and that ''Leandres'' refers to the Gilleandres whom "Clan Andres, or old Rosses" took their name.<ref name="S1-354355">{{cite book |author=Skene, William Forbes |author-link=William Forbes Skene |title=Celtic Scotland: a history of Ancient Alban |volume=3 |edition=2nd |year=1899 |location=[[Edinburgh]] |publisher=David Douglas |url=https://archive.org/details/celticscotlandhi03skenuoft |pages=[https://archive.org/details/celticscotlandhi03skenuoft/page/354 354]–355 }}</ref>

===Clan MacLeod===
{{multiple image
| footer   = A photo of the [[Choir (architecture)|choir]] of [[Iona Abbey]]. The stone said to represent a [[MacLeod]] is visible on the floor in the middle.<ref name="morrison"/> The illustration on the right is a 19th-century depiction of the stone.
| image1   = Iona Abbey - altar.jpg
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| width1   = {{#expr: (160 * 800 / 534) round 0}}
| image2   = MacLeod tombstone, Iona.jpg
| caption2 =
| width2   = {{#expr: (160 * 197 / 562) round 0}}
}}
According to an account of MacLeod tradition written in 1797 for the clan's chief, Olaf the Black had three sons by his third wife, Christina, daughter of the [[Earl of Ross]]—''Gunn'', from whom descended [[Clan Gunn]]; ''Leandres'', from whom descended Clan Leandres in Ross; and ''Leod''. The tradition goes on to say that Leod was fostered by "Pol, son of Bok", sheriff of [[Skye]]. This Pol then gave Leod [[Harris, Outer Hebrides|Harris]]; later Leod married a daughter of "McCraild Armuinn" and, in consequence, received Dunvegan and all the Skye estates which the MacLeods held in later times.<ref name="MacLeodRC">{{cite book |last=MacLeod |first=Roderick Charles |title=The MacLeods of Dunvegan |url=https://archive.org/details/macleodsofdunveg00macl |year=1927 |publisher=Privately printed for the Clan MacLeod Society |location=[[Edinburgh]] |page=[https://archive.org/details/macleodsofdunveg00macl/page/4 4] }}</ref> In the ''Bannatyne manuscript'', the sheriff is called "Paal Baccas", and is stated to have owned the isle of Harris, as well as the following lands on Skye: [[Sleat]], [[Trotternish]], Waternish, and [[Snizort]]. The manuscript states that he had a [[natural son]], but named Leod his heir.<ref name="MacLeodRC-2426">{{cite book |last=MacLeod |first=Roderick Charles |title=The MacLeods of Dunvegan |url=https://archive.org/details/macleodsofdunveg00macl |year=1927 |publisher=Privately printed for the Clan MacLeod Society |location=[[Edinburgh]] |pages=[https://archive.org/details/macleodsofdunveg00macl/page/24 24]–26 }}</ref> The "Pol, son of Bok" and "Paal Baccas" of MacLeod tradition are considered to be identical with the historical [[Páll, son of Bálki]], who is mentioned within the ''[[Chronicles of Mann]]'' as a loyal ally of Olaf the Black.<ref name="ref-APMacLeod"/> The ''Bannatyne manuscript'' states that Paal Baccas was killed in 1231; after which Leod peacefully succeeded to his possessions.<ref name="MacLeodRC-2426"/>

The ''Bannatyne manuscript'' is the main authority for information on the early chiefs of Clan MacLeod.<ref name="I7">{{cite web|url=http://www.macleodgenealogy.org/ACMS/D0027/I7.html |title=Malcolm Gillecaluim Macleod (III Chief) |access-date=16 January 2010 |work=macleodgenealogy.org |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727053728/http://www.macleodgenealogy.org/ACMS/D0027/I7.html |archive-date=27 July 2011 }} This webpage cited: {{cite book |first1=MacKinnon |last1=Donald |first2=Morrison |last2=Alick |title=The MacLeods: the genealogy of a clan |year=1969 |location=[[Edinburgh]] |publisher=Clan MacLeod Society |pages=10–11 }}; and also {{cite book |title=The Chiefs of Clan MacLeod |last=Morrison |first=Alick |year=1986 |publisher=Associated Clan MacLeod Societies |location=[[Edinburgh]] }}</ref> It states that the first seven chiefs of Clan MacLeod were buried at [[Iona]].<ref name="MacLeodRC-30"/> The [[Choir (architecture)|choir]] of [[Iona Abbey]], for the most part, dates from the early 16th century. Within the centre of the choir there is a large stone which once contained a [[monumental brass]], traditionally said to have been a MacLeod.<ref name="morrison">{{cite book |last=Morrison |first=John |title=Behold Iona |url=https://archive.org/details/beholdionaguides00morruoft |year=1947 |publisher=[[Iona Community]] |location=[[Glasgow]] |page=[https://archive.org/details/beholdionaguides00morruoft/page/14 14] }}</ref> The stone formed a [[Matrix (printing)|matrix]] which at one time contained the [[brass]] inlay (tradition states it was a silver inlay). It is the largest carved stone on the island, measuring {{convert|7|ft|9.25|in|m|2}} by {{convert|3|ft|10|in|m|2}}.<ref name="MacMillan">{{cite book |last=MacMillan |first=Archibald |title=Iona: Its History and Antiquities |url=https://archive.org/details/ionaitshistoryan00macmuoft |year=1898 |publisher=Houlston & Sons |location=London |pages=[https://archive.org/details/ionaitshistoryan00macmuoft/page/82 82]–83 }}</ref> The early 20th-century clan historian R.C. MacLeod speculated that perhaps Leod and five of his successors were buried beneath—however, in his opinion the fourth chief, [[Iain Ciar MacLeod|Iain Ciar]], was buried elsewhere.<ref name="MacLeodRC-30">{{cite book |last=MacLeod |first=Roderick Charles |title=The MacLeods of Dunvegan |url=https://archive.org/details/macleodsofdunveg00macl |year=1927 |publisher=Privately printed for the Clan MacLeod Society |location=[[Edinburgh]] |page=[https://archive.org/details/macleodsofdunveg00macl/page/30 30] }}</ref>{{#tag:ref|Also buried within the tomb, according to tradition, was the [[standard bearer]] of the seventh chief (see [[Fairy Flag]]). MacLeod noted that there was another MacLeod stone on Iona; in his opinion this stone marked the grave of the fourth chief, [[Iain Ciar MacLeod|Iain Ciar]].<ref name="MacLeodRC-30"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.macleodgenealogy.org/ACMS/D0028/I8.html |title=John Iain Ciar Macleod (IV Chief) |access-date=10 January 2010 |work=macleodgenealogy.org |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110924085329/http://www.macleodgenealogy.org/ACMS/D0028/I8.html |archive-date=24 September 2011 }} This webpage cited: {{cite book |title=MacLeod Chiefs of Harris and Dunvegan |last=MacKinnon |first=Donald |year=1969 |publisher=[[Edinburgh]] |page=11 }}; and also {{cite book |title=The Chiefs of Clan MacLeod |last=Morrison |first=Alick |year=1986 |location=East Kilbride, Scotland }}</ref>|group=note}} In fact, the stone may actually mark the tomb of a [[Clan MacLean|MacLean]], rather than that of a MacLeod.<ref name="Sharpe">{{cite journal |last1=Sharpe |first1=Richard |author-link=Richard Sharpe (historian) |year=2012 |title=Iona in 1771: Gaelic tradition and visitors' experience |journal=[[The Innes Review]] |volume=63 |issue=2 |page=186 footnote 77, 253 |publisher=[[Edinburgh University Press]] |doi=10.3366/inr.2012.0040 }}</ref>{{#tag:ref|The stone is mentioned in the late 17th century by William Sacheverell (c. 1675–1715), who visited Iona in August 1698: "In the middle on a flat stone, the proportion of a Man in Armour engrav'd, which seems very Ancient, and they say was laid there in Honour of one of the Family of Mac-Leon, who were for many Ages Lords of Mull".<ref name="Sharpe"/>|group=note}}

===Issue===
According to MacLeod tradition, Leod had two sons—[[Tormod, son of Leod|Tormod]] and [[Torquil, son of Murdoch|Torquil]]. The tradition is that Tormod was the ancestor of the MacLeods of Harris and Dunvegan (the chiefs of [[Clan MacLeod]]), and Torquil was the ancestor of the [[Clan MacLeod of Lewis|MacLeods of Lewis]]. The ''Bannatyne manuscript'' does not specifically state which son was the elder, and subsequently there has been debate over which branch was more 'senior' in descent. In the late 20th century, Matheson called into question this tradition of brothers, and his work was followed up by other historians. The current view of historians is that the two were not brothers at all; but that Torquil was actually the grandson of Tormod.<ref name="I2">{{cite web |url=http://www.macleodgenealogy.org/ACMS/D0022/I2.html |title=Tormod <nowiki>[</nowiki>Norman<nowiki>]</nowiki> Macleod (II Chief) |access-date=20 December 2009 |work=macleodgenealogy.org |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727052526/http://macleodgenealogy.org/ACMS/D0022/I2.html |archive-date=27 July 2011 }} see "!CAVEAT".</ref>

The ''Bannatyne manuscript'' also names two other sons; however, Matheson considered the manuscript to be of dubious authority, since it is the only source for these names.<ref name="Matheson2">{{cite web|url=http://www.macleodgenealogy.org/Research/Matheson2.html |title=The MacLeods of Lewis |access-date=30 December 2009 |work=macleodgenealogy.org |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727052014/http://www.macleodgenealogy.org/Research/Matheson2.html |archive-date=27 July 2011 }} This webpage cited: {{cite journal |last=Matheson |first=William |title=The MacLeods of Lewis |journal=Transactions of the Gaelic Society of Inverness |year=1978–80 |volume=51 |location=[[Inverness]] |pages=320–337}}</ref> It lists Leod's third son as John, stating that John followed [[Robert the Bruce|Bruce]] to Ireland. The manuscript continues that in Ireland he acquired considerable estates in [[Galway]] and was [[knight]]ed; although he was the principal man of his name there, his descendants were known not as ''MacLeods'', but as ''MacElliots''. The manuscript states that his daughter, and heiress, married Maurice, 2nd [[Lord of Kerry]]. According to MacLeod, the statement about John following Bruce to Ireland is a mistake, since John's daughter couldn't have married later than 1285. Bruce was, however, born in 1275, and did not go to Ireland until 1306. Leod's fourth son is listed by the manuscript as being Olaus. The account states that this Olaus was the reputed ancestor of the MacLewis, or Fullarton family, which originated on the [[Isle of Arran]] and that this family traced its ancestry from Lewis, or MacLoy, son of Olaus, son of Leod.<ref name="MacLeodRC-3133"/>

The manuscript also states that Leod also had two daughters. Again, the manuscript is the only source for the existence of these offspring and does not mention their names.<ref name="I96">{{cite web |url=http://www.macleodgenealogy.org/ACMS/D0043/I96.html |title=<nowiki>[</nowiki>Daughter<nowiki>]</nowiki> Macleod |access-date=20 December 2009 |work=macleodgenealogy.org }} This webpage cited: {{cite book |title=The Chiefs of Clan MacLeod |last=Morrison |first=Alick |year=1986 |location=East Kilbride, Scotland |page=29 }}; and also {{cite book |first1=MacKinnon |last1=Donald |first2=Morrison |last2=Alick |title=The MacLeods: the genealogy of a clan |year=1969 |location=[[Edinburgh]] |publisher=Clan MacLeod Society |page=10 }}</ref><ref name="I97">{{cite web |url=http://www.macleodgenealogy.org/ACMS/D0044/I97.html |title=<nowiki>[</nowiki>Daughter<nowiki>]</nowiki> Macleod |access-date=20 December 2009 |work=macleodgenealogy.org }} This webpage cited: {{cite book |title=The Chiefs of Clan MacLeod |last=Morrison |first=Alick |year=1986 |location=East Kilbride, Scotland |page=29 }}; and also {{cite book |first1=MacKinnon |last1=Donald |first2=Morrison |last2=Alick |title=The MacLeods: the genealogy of a clan |year=1969 |location=[[Edinburgh]] |publisher=Clan MacLeod Society |page=10 }}</ref> It states that one of the daughters married Fergus of [[Galloway]]; while the other married John, Lord of [[Isle of Mull|Mull]]. It is unknown who these men could have been.<ref name="MacLeodRC-3133">{{cite book |last=MacLeod |first=Roderick Charles |title=The MacLeods of Dunvegan |url=https://archive.org/details/macleodsofdunveg00macl |year=1927 |publisher=Privately printed for the Clan MacLeod Society |location=[[Edinburgh]] |pages=[https://archive.org/details/macleodsofdunveg00macl/page/31 31]–32 }}</ref><ref name="I96"/><ref name="I97"/>