Editing Literal and figurative language (section)

==Standard pragmatic model of comprehension==
Prior to the 1980s, the "standard pragmatic" model of comprehension was widely believed. In that model, it was thought the recipient would first attempt to comprehend the meaning as if literal, but when an appropriate literal inference could not be made, the recipient would shift to look for a figurative interpretation that would allow comprehension.<ref name="Katz1998">{{cite book|last=Katz|first=Albert N.|title=Figurative Language and Thought|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lSxhb_fZLx0C&pg=PA166|access-date=20 December 2012|year=1998|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0195109634|pages=166–}}</ref> Since then, research has cast doubt on the model. In tests, figurative language was found to be comprehended at the same speed as literal language; and so the premise that the recipient was first attempting to process a literal meaning and discarding it before attempting to process a figurative meaning appears to be false.<ref name="EysenckKeane2005">{{cite book|last1=Eysenck|first1=Michael William|last2=Keane|first2=Mark T.|title=Cognitive Psychology: A Student's Handbook|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=22ZWi-LVLDcC&pg=PA369|access-date=20 December 2012|year=2005|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1841693590|pages=369–}}</ref>