Editing Mâcon (section)

==History==

===Ancient and Medieval eras===
The [[urban agglomeration|agglomeration]] of Mâcon originates from the establishment of an [[oppidum]] and of a river port by the [[Celts]] from the [[Aedui]], probably at the beginning of the first century BC. Known then under the name of ''Matisco'', the town developed significantly during the age of the [[Roman Empire]]. This is demonstrated by the large Roman hoard known as the [[Mâcon Treasure]] that was discovered in the town in 1764, the remains of which is in the [[British Museum]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/search.aspx?place=34858&plaA=34858-3-1 |title=British Museum Collection |access-date=15 June 2017 |archive-date=2 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102193634/http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/search.aspx?place=34858&plaA=34858-3-1 |url-status=live }}</ref> During the 4th century, the town was fortified.

During the [[Middle Ages]], Mâcon was the administrative center of a [[List of counts of Macon|county]] belonging to the [[Duchy of Burgundy]] at the extremity of the bridge over the Saône leading to the [[Bresse]] territory belonging to the [[Duchy of Savoy]]. The town controlled access to present-day Lamartinien Valley (Val Lamartinien), where the southern end of the Côte de Bourgogne joins the first foothills of the [[Beaujolais]] hills, opening the way to the rich plains of the [[Loire (river)|Loire]].

On 3 June 1564, [[Charles IX of France|Charles IX]] from [[Chalon-sur-Saône|Chalon]], stopped in the town during his Royal Tour of France (1564–1566), accompanied by the Court and the nobles of his kingdom, including his brother the [[Henry III of France|Duke of Anjou]], [[Henry IV of France|Henry of Navarre]], the cardinals of Bourbon and Lorraine.<ref>Guerres de religion-Miquel, p 253</ref> The town is strategically built: it was a possible entrance into the kingdom for the Swiss or German mercenaries during the [[French Wars of Religion]]. He was welcomed by the Queen [[Jeanne III of Navarre]], nicknamed the "Queen of Protestants", and 1,500 Huguenots.

===Revolutionary and Imperial eras===
On 21 October 1790, the matriarch of a prominent local family gave birth to a son who remains highly visible in his hometown, the [[Romantic poetry|Romantic]] poet and historian [[Alphonse de Lamartine]].<ref>Whitehouse, p.13.</ref>

In 1790, the [[French Revolution|Revolutionary government]] designated Mâcon as the capital (''[[chef-lieu]]'') of [[Saône-et-Loire]], a newly created [[Departments of France|''département'']] within the radical restructuring of national administration.

In 1814, the town was invaded by Austrian troops and then liberated twice by French troops before being permanently occupied until the fall of the Empire. After [[Napoléon I|Napoléon]]'s return and the subsequent [[Hundred Days]], Mâcon and the [[Mâconnais]] were again captured by the Austrians.
[[File:Plaques Hommage Victimes Persécutions Crime Contre Humanité & Ici Léon Israël Assassiné Rue 28 Juin 1944 - Mâcon (FR71) - 2021-09-23 - 1.jpg|thumb|Commemorative plaques at 116 Rue du 28 Juin 1944 in Mâcon, at the site of [[Léon Israël|Dr. Israël's]] assassination.]]

===Second World War===
During [[World War II]], Mâcon was the northernmost town in the unoccupied ''[[zone libre]]'' between Paris and Lyon. On 11 November 1942, following [[Operation Anton]], nearly eight hundred German soldiers settled in the city after crossing the demarcation line.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Log in or sign up to view |url=https://www.facebook.com/notes/2654091018141371/ |access-date=2023-05-23 |website=www.facebook.com |language=en |archive-date=30 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231230042623/https://www.facebook.com/notes/2654091018141371/ |url-status=live }}</ref> From that date onwards, the [[Resistance during World War II|Resistance]] was present in Mâcon. In April 1944, Jewish doctor [[Léon Israël]] was assassinated by the [[Milice]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Léon-Israël |url=http://www.ajpn.org/personne-Leon-Israel-560.html |access-date=2023-05-23 |website=www.ajpn.org |archive-date=5 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230505150645/http://www.ajpn.org/personne-Leon-Israel-560.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Dosssiers |url=https://yadvashem-france.org/dossier/nom/10593/ |access-date=2023-05-23 |website=Comité Français pour Yad Vashem |language=fr-FR |archive-date=30 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630224322/https://yadvashem-france.org/dossier/nom/10593/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The town was liberated on 4 September 1944 as part of [[Operation Dragoon]] by troops who had landed in [[Provence]].<ref>{{Atlas-Libération-France}}, p. 35</ref>

[[File:Quai Mâcon 04-2003.jpg|thumb|700px|center|Photograph of the city of Mâcon taken from [[Saint-Laurent-sur-Saône]] ([[Ain (département)|Ain]]), on the other side of the [[Saône]] river]]